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Title:	Dietary Inflammatory Index and liver status in subjects with different adiposity levels within the PREDIMED trial
Author:	Cantero, Irene; Abete, Itziar; Babio, Nancy; Arós, Fernando; Corella Piquer, Dolores; Estruch Riba, Ramon; Fitó Colomer, Montserrat; Hébert, James R.; Martínez-González, Miguel Ángel, 1957-; Pintó Sala, Xavier; Portillo, María P.; Ruiz-Canela, Miguel; Shivappa, Nitin; Wärnberg, Julia; Gómez Gracia, Enrique; Tur, Josep Antoni; Salas Salvadó, Jordi; Zulet, M. Angeles; Martínez, J. Alfredo, 1957-
Notes:	BACKGROUND & AIMS: To assess the possible association between a validated Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and specific dietary components with suitable non-invasive markers of liver status in overweight and obese subjects within the PREDIMED study. METHODS: A cross-sectional study encompassing 794 randomized overweight and obese participants (mean ± SD age: 67.0 ± 5.0 y, 55% females) from the PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) trial was conducted. DII is a validated tool evaluating the effect of diet on six inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1b, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and C-reactive protein). Furthermore, a validated 137-item food-frequency-questionnaire was used to obtain the information about the food intake. In addition, anthropometric measurements and several non-invasive markers of liver status were assessed and the Fatty Liver Index (FLI) score was calculated. RESULTS: A higher DII and lower adherence to Mediterranean diet (MeDiet) were associated with a higher degree of liver damage (FLI > 60) in obese as compared to overweight participants. Furthermore, the DII score was positively associated with relevant non-invasive liver markers (ALT, AST, GGT and FLI) and directly affected FLI values. Interestingly, a positive correlation was observed between liver damage (>50th percentile FLI) and nutrients and foods linked to a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern. CONCLUSIONS: This study reinforced the concept that obesity is associated with liver damage and revealed that the consumption of a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern might contribute to obesity and fatty liver disease features. These data suggest that a well-designed precision diet including putative anti-inflammatory components could specifically prevent and ameliorate non-alcoholic fatty liver manifestations in addition to obesity.
Subject(s):	-Malalties del fetge -Teixit adipós -Liver diseases -Adipose tissues
Rights:	cc-by-nc-nd (c) Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, 2018 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es
Document type:	Article Article - Accepted version
Published by:	Elsevier
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