Psychometric properties of the human system audit-transformational leadership short scale in Germany and Philippines: A cross-cultural study

Abstract

Transformational leadership is of recognized importance for organizations due to its positive relation to performance outcomes, among different contexts. In todays' dynamic environment, short leadership instruments that are scientifically designed, reliable and quick to apply are necessary. Moreover, the impacts of globalization increased the number of multinationals in organizations and also straighter trade relations between countries. This is the case of Germany and Philippines, important economies in their regional's economic block, that faced a considerable growth on their relations. As validated leadership instruments for Philippines are rare the aims of this study are to analyze the psychometric properties of the Philippine (N=308) and German (N=200) version of the Human System Audit Transformational Leadership Short scale (HSA-TFL Short) and to identify whether transformational profiles are similar or different in Germany and Philippines. Results indicate that HSA-TFL Short is a reliable instrument (α = .90) with a one-factor structure and good convergent validity for both countries. Criterion validity, was different in both countries and sensible to the cultural context. The transformational profiles, using the MLQ-5X, showed differences for both countries. Results are discussed based on Hofstede's cultural framework. The study provides empirical evidence for the validity of the HSA-TFL short scale.