Copropagating pump and probe experiments on Si-nc in SiO2 rib waveguides doped with Er: The optical role of non-emitting ions

Abstract

We present a study that demonstrates the limits for achieving net optical gain in an optimized waveguide where Si nanoclusters in SiO2 codoped with Er3+ are the active material. By cross correlating absorption losses measurements with copropagant pump (λpump = 1.48 µm) and probe (λprobe = 1.54 µm) experiments we reveal that the role of more than 80% of the total Er3+ population present on the material (intended for optical amplification purposes) is to absorb the propagating light, since it is unfeasible to invert it.