Cross-cultural adaptation of the clinical frailty scale for critically Ill patients in Spain and concurrent validity with FRAIL-Es

Abstract

Aims: To adapt the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) into Spanish and assess its concordance with the Spanish version of the FRAILscale (FRAIL-Es) in the context of intensive care.Design: Validation study of frailty assessment scales in critically ill patients.Methods: The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase consisted of translating, culturally adapting, and validatingthe CFS into Spanish. The second phase consisted of a metric descriptive study to assess the concurrent criterion validity of theadapted CFS with FRAIL-Es in a cohort of intensive care patients. Both scales were assessed upon admission to intensive careand at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-hospital discharge. Analysis was performed using T-Student/ Mann–Whitney, chi-squaredand Cohen's Kappa tests.Results: Successful adaptation of the CFS with minimal changes was achieved, demonstrating its applicability in the evaluatedcontext. The pilot study indicated that CFS-Es is easy to assess, but some subjectivity in interpretation was noted. CFS-Esand FRAIL-Es were applied to 212 patients, revealing variations in frailty prevalence. The concordance and correlation between theCFS and FRAIL scales are robust. These differences suggest that the choice of scale may impact the identification of frail patients.These results emphasise the importance of considering specific characteristics of each scale when assessing frailty in critically illpatients, providing valuable information for clinical implementation and research in this field.Patient or Public Contribution: Assessing frailty upon admission can be helpful in the care of frail patients, allowing thedevelopment of specific care plans based on pre-existing frailty.