Malocclusion relationship-dental aesthetics Index in need of orthodontic treatment in Angolan population

Abstract

Orthodontics is based on the concept of ideal occlusion, so it is essential to have a notion, as complete as possible, of normal or ideal occlusion so that it is possible to correctly di agnose malocclusions. In normal occlusion defined by Angle, there is a molar relationship so that the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar occludes in the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar and, in which the teeth are positioned in a slightly curved line of occlusion. This line of occlusion is divided into upper and lower [1]. By definition, any variation from normal occlusion is called malocclusion, and is therefore a state where there is a devia tion from ideal occlusion [2-5]. However, malocclusion is not easily measured by patients, as the perception of the various types and severities of malocclusions is highly subjective and perceived in a qualitative rather than quantitative way. Thus, the use of a valid instrument to objectively assess the criteria and recommend and prioritize orthodontic treatment to the patient, such as occlusal indices, becomes essential [6, 7].Several indices have been validated and accepted as useful tools to objectively measure malocclusions and orthodontic treatment needs [8-13]. Among the various indices, the in dex applied in this investigation is the Dental Aesthetics Index (DAI), an occlusal index that allows malocclusion to be grouped into groups according to the level and priority of orthodontic treatment required. It relates the clinical and aesthetic com ponents mathematically, arriving at a score that reflects the severity of the malocclusion [14, 15]. Several studies suggest that the DAI can be universally ap plied, without the need for modifications or adaptations, to different ethnic or cultural scenarios [16, 17]. This investiga tion intends to assess whether the Angolan population has occlusion conditions that are percentage equivalent to other countries. Considering the previous hypothesis, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of malocclusion and the need for orthodontic treatment in young Angolans of black race through DAI.