Notes:
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The first derivation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) (Thomson et al., 1998) and the
more recently development of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) (Park et al.,
2008; Takahashi et al., 2007; Takahashi & Yamanaka, 2006; Wernig et al., 2007; Yu et al.,
2007) have marked the beginning of a new era in biomedical research. These two types of
human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are characterized by an unlimited capacity to selfrenew
while retaining their potential to differentiate into almost all cell types of the body
(Odorico et al., 2001; Reubinoff et al., 2000; Silva & Smith, 2008). These remarkable
properties turn hPSCs into one of the most interesting cell types for toxicology and drug
discovery, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (Battey, 2007; Mountford, 2008). In
fact, work with hPSCs has already provided new and exciting developments that may
eventually lead to the creation of novel cell-based therapies for the treatment of a wide
range of human diseases including Parkinson’s and other neurodegenerative diseases,
diabetes, cardiac and vascular diseases (Kiskinis & Eggan, 2010; Ronaghi et al., 2010).
However, a major challenge for the widespread application of hPSCs is the development of
efficient protocols for cryopreservation... |