Accurate and scalable simulation of cavity-based networks in modular quantum architectures

Abstract

Cavity-mediated interconnects are a promising platform for scaling modular quantum computers by enabling highfidelity inter-chip quantum state transmission and entanglement generation. In this work, we first model the dynamics of deterministic inter-chip quantum state transfer using the Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) protocol, analyzing fidelity loss mechanisms under experimentally achievable qubitcavity coupling and decoherence parameters. We then extend the NetSquid simulator, typically used for simulating longrange quantum communication networks, to support cavity-based communication channels for mediating inter-chip state transfer and entanglement generation. We model cavities as amplitude damping channels parameterized by physical system characteristics; cavity decay rate ¿ and qubit-cavity coupling strength g, and analyze the impact of intrinsic qubit decoherence factors dictated by T1 and T2 times. Our simulations accurately represent the system's dynamics in both strong and weak coupling regimes, and identify critical trade-offs between fidelity, latency, and noise factors. The proposed framework supports faithful modeling and scalable simulation of modular architectures, and provides insights into design optimization for practical quantum network implementations.

We gratefully acknowledge funding from the European Commission through HORIZON-EIC-2022-PATHFINDEROPEN01-101099697 (QUADRATURE) and grant HORIZON-ERC-2021- 101042080 (WINC). Authors acknowledge support from the QCOMMCAT-Planes Complementarios: Comunicación Cuántica - supported by MICIN with funding from the European Union, NextGenerationEU (PRTRC17.I1) and by Generalitat de Catalunya, and by ICREA Academia Award 2024. CGA also acknowledges funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through the Beatriz Galindo program 2020 (BG20-00023).

Peer Reviewed

Postprint (author's final draft)