Few-body bound states of two-dimensional bosons

Abstract

We study clusters of the type $A_NB_M$ with N=M=3 in a two-dimensional mixture of A and B bosons, with attractive AB and equally repulsive AA and BB interactions. In order to check universal aspects of the problem, we choose two very different models: dipolar bosons in a bilayer geometry and particles interacting via separable Gaussian potentials. We find that all the considered clusters are bound and that their energies are universal functions of the scattering lengths $a_{AB}$ and $a{AA}=a_{BB}$, for sufficiently large attraction-to-repulsion ratios $a_{AB}/a_{BB}$. When $a_{AB}/a_{BB}$ decreases below ˜10, the dimer-dimer interaction changes from attractive to repulsive and the population-balanced AABB and AAABBB clusters break into AB dimers. Calculating the AAABBB hexamer energy just below this threshold, we find an effective three-dimer repulsion which may have important implications for the many-body problem, particularly for observing liquid and supersolid states of dipolar dimers in the bilayer geometry. The population-imbalanced ABB trimer, ABBB tetramer, and AABBB pentamer remain bound beyond the dimer-dimer threshold. In the dipolar model, they break up at $a_{AB}˜2a_{BB}, where the atom-dimer interaction switches to repulsion.

Postprint (published version)