Biomedicina: Enviaments recents
Ara mostrant els elements 481-500 de 779
Defensive-lipid droplets: Cellular organelles designed for antimicrobial immunity
Microbes have developed many strategies to subvert host organisms, which, in turn, evolved several innate immune responses. As major lipid storage organelles of eukary- otes, lipid droplets (LDs) are an attractive source ...
The Non-receptor Tyrosine Kinase Pyk2 in Brain Function and Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases
Pyk2 is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase highly enriched in forebrain neurons. Pyk2 is closely related to focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which plays an important role in sensing cell contacts with extracellular matrix and other ...
Alterations in CD200-CD200R1 System during EAE Already Manifest at Presymptomatic Stages
In the brain of patients with multiple sclerosis, activated microglia/macrophages appear in active lesions and in normal appearing white matter. However, whether they play a beneficial or a detrimental role in the development ...
Effects of two different decellularization routes on the mechanical properties of decellularized lungs
Considering the limited number of available lung donors, lung bioengineering using whole lung scaffolds has been proposed as an alternative approach to obtain lungs suitable for transplantation. However, some decellularization ...
Decreased glycogen synthase kinase-3 levels and activity contribute to Huntington's disease
Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder characterized by brain atrophy particularly in striatum leading to personality changes, chorea and dementia. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a ...
Calmodulin Regulates Intracellular Trafficking of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and the MAPK Signaling Pathway
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a member of the tyrosine kinase receptor family involved in signal transduction and the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation. It is also a calmodulin-binding ...
Beyond the Scavenging of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS): Direct Effect of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles in Reducing Fatty Acids Content in an In Vitro Model of Hepatocellular Steatosis
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by hepatic accumulation of lipids. Antisteatotic effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) have recently been shown in animal models of liver disease. However, ...
SIRPα - CD47 axis regulates dendritic cell-T cell interactions and TCR activation during T cell priming in spleen.
The SIRPα-CD47 axis plays an important role in T cell recruitment to sites of immune reaction and inflammation but its role in T cell antigen priming is incompletely understood. Employing OTII TCR transgenic mice bred to ...
Essential role for albumin in preserving liver cells from TNFα-induced mitochondrial injury.
Cytokine-induced inflammation and mitochondrial oxidative stress are key drivers of liver tissue injury. Here, we describe experiments modeling hepatic inflammatory conditions in which plasma leakage leads to large amounts ...
Brain–gut photobiomodulation restores cognitive alterations in chronically stressed mice through the regulation of Sirt1 and neuroinflammation
Background: Chronic stress is an important risk factor for the development of major depressive disorder (MDD). Recent studies have shown microbiome dysbiosis as one of the pathogenic mechanisms associated with MDD. Thus, ...
Peptidomimetics designed to bind to RAS effector domain are promising cancer therapeutic compounds.
Oncogenic RAS proteins are important for driving tumour formation, and for maintenance of the transformed phenotype, and thus their relevance as a cancer therapeutic target is undeniable. We focused here on obtaining ...
Mitochondrial fission in Huntington's disease mouse striatum disrupts ER-mitochondria contacts leading to disturbances in Ca2+ efflux and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) homeostasis
Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) are dynamic structures that communicate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria allowing calcium transfer between these two organelles. Since calcium dysregulation is an important ...
Down-regulation of BDNF in cell and animal models increases striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase 61 (STEP61) levels
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulates synaptic strengthening and memory consolidation, and altered BDNF expression is implicated in a number of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. BDNF potentiates ...
Autoimmune B Cell Repertoire in a Mouse Model of Sjögren's Syndrome
In genetically prone individuals, chronic immune activation may lead to expansion of autoreactive lymphocyte clones that can induce organ damage developing autoimmune disorders. Sjögren's Syndrome (SjS) is a systemic chronic ...
Neuronal Replacement in Stem Cell Therapy for Stroke: Filling the Gap
Stem cell therapy using human skin-derived neural precursors holds much promise for the treatment of stroke patients. Two main mechanisms have been proposed to give rise to the improved recovery in animal models of stroke ...
Longitudinal evaluation of a novel BChE PET tracer as an early in vivo biomarker in the brain of a mouse model for Alzheimer disease
Purpose: The increase in butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity in the brain of Alzheimer disease (AD) patients and animal models of AD position this enzyme as a potential biomarker of the disease. However, the information ...
Grafted human pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical neurons integrate into adult human cortical neural circuitry
Several neurodegenerative diseases cause loss of cortical neurons, leading to sensory, motor, and cognitive impairments. Studies in different animal models have raised the possibility that transplantation of human cortical ...
Genomic programming of human neonatal dendritic cells in congenital systemic and in vitro cytomegalovirus infection reveal plastic and robut immune pathway biology responses
Neonates and especially premature infants are highly susceptible to infection but still can have a remarkable resilience that is poorly understood. The view that neonates have an incomplete or deficient immune system is ...
Developmental refractoriness of MLL-rearranged human B-cell acute leukemias to reprogramming into pluripotency
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a powerful tool for disease modeling. They are routinely generated from healthy donors and patients from multiple cell types at different developmental stages. However, reprogramming ...
Muscle protein waste in tumor-bearing rats is effectively antagonized by a beta 2-adrenergic agonist (clenbuterol). Role of the ATP-ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway.
Tissue protein hypercatabolism (TPH) is a most important feature in cancer cachexia, particularly with regard to the skeletal muscle. The rat ascites hepatoma Yoshida AH-130 is a very suitable model system for studying the ...
