The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of novel nanocellulose-based consolidants for modern easel paintings as a possible alternative to lining and to the use of common adhesives. Two dispersions of consolidants were tested: nanofibrillated (CNF) and nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC). A model cotton canvas was used to evaluate the effect of these consolidants following treatment by the nanocellulose-based formulations. The surface appearance of the canvases was assessed before and after treatment using colorimetry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the characterisation of the mechanical properties of the samples was performed using tensile testing and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA-RH) at controlled relative humidity (RH) (3 RH cycles, 20-60-20% RH at 25 °C) before and after treatment. Finally, colour changes undergone by the samples upon accelerated ageing were measured by colorimetry. Taking into account the individual outcomes of each of these tests, it was possible to evaluate the merits and limitations of the use of nanocellulose treatments for the consolidation of modern painting canvases.