Abstract:
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Transcriptional differences enable the generation of
alternative phenotypes from the same genome. In malaria
parasites, transcriptional plasticity plays a major role in the
process of adaptation to fluctuations in the environment.
Multiple studies with culture-adapted parasites and field
isolates are starting to unravel the different transcriptional
alternatives available to Plasmodium falciparum and the
underlying molecular mechanisms. Here we discuss how epigenetic
variation, directed transcriptional responses and also genetic
changes that affect transcript levels can all contribute to
transcriptional variation and, ultimately, parasite survival.
Some transcriptional changes are driven by stochastic events.
These changes can occur spontaneously, resulting in
heterogeneity within parasite populations that provides the
grounds for adaptation by dynamic natural selection. However,
transcriptional changes can also occur in response to external
cues. A better understanding of the mechanisms that the parasite
has evolved to alter its transcriptome may ultimately contribute
to the design of strategies to combat malaria to which the
parasite cannot adapt. |