25 years after the declaration of a Global Emergency by the World Health Organization, tuberculosis (TB) remains a major enemy to the humankind. During this period, much progress has been done to better understand its natural history, revealing its huge complexity, which highlighted the need for implementing systems immunology approaches. Recent advances focused in understanding the role of macrophage subtypes and dendritic cells role, the importance of cytokine balance, and the antigenic repertoire. Identification of early irruption of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and extracellular growth of the bacilli seem to be the most disruptive factors to understand the evolution towards active TB. Their inclusion in future models will provide new tools for the better understanding of the tuberculosis.

Peer Reviewed