Impacto de las intervenciones nutricionales en la población infantil y adolescentes con autismo: revisión sistemàtica

Abstract

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in communication, social interaction, and repetitive behaviors. These characteristics influence eating dynamics, such as food selectivity and gastrointestinal disorders. Objectives: To analyze and synthesize the available scientific evidence on nutritional interventions in children with ASD, evaluating their effectiveness in improving eating behavior. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) criteria, using recognized health databases and analyzing studies with diverse methodological approaches. The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) system was employed to assess methodological quality, and 12 relevant studies were selected. Results: Nutritional interventions improved the diet and nutritional status of children with ASD, highlighting the effectiveness of behavioral strategies, sensory therapies, and parental training programs. Their effectiveness depended on factors such as age, ASD severity, and comorbidities. The impact of specific diets, supplementation, and personalized programs was also evaluated. However, barriers such as limited access to specialized resources in certain contexts persisted. Conclusions: Despite the progress achieved, further evidence is needed to consolidate these strategies and evaluate their long-term sustainability. Developing evidence-based clinical guidelines and educational programs that strengthen the role of nursing is essential, integrating these interventions into clinical practice through a multidisciplinary, accessible, and personalized approach

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