Screening and diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic lung disease (PH-CLD): a consensus statement from the pulmonary vascular research institute's innovative drug development initiative-group 3 pulmonary hypertension.

Abstract

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a frequent complication of chronic lung disease (CLD). However, PH is difficult to diagnose early since accompanying symptoms overlap and are similar to those of the underlying CLD. In most cases the PH is mild to moderate and therefore physical signs may be absent or subtle. This consensus paper provides insight into the clues that might suggest the presence of occult PH in patients with CLD. An overview of current diagnostic tools and emerging diagnostic technologies is provided as well as guidance for the work-up and diagnosis of PH in patients with CLD.