Rh-Catalyzed Enantioselective Single-Carbon Insertion of Alkenes

Abstract

The interest in the discovery and development of skeletal editing processes that selectively insert, exchange, or delete an atom in organic molecules has significantly increased over the last few years. However, processes of this class that proceed through the creation of a chiral center with high asymmetric induction have been largely unexplored. Herein, we report an enantioselective single-carbon insertion in aryl- and alkyl-substituted alkenes mediated by a catalytically generated chiral Rh-carbynoid and phosphate nucleophiles that produce enantioenriched allylic phosphates (enantiomeric ratio (e.r.) = 89.5:10.5–99.5:0.5). The key to the process was a diastereo- and enantioselective cyclopropanation of the alkene with a chiral Rh-carbynoid and the formation of a transient cyclopropyl–I(III) intermediate. The addition of the phosphate nucleophile provided a cyclopropyl–I(III)-phosphate intermediate that undergoes disrotatory ring opening following the Woodward–Hoffmann–DePuy rules. This process led to a chiral intimate allyl cation–phosphate pair that evolved with excellent enantioretention. The evidence of an SN1-like SNi mechanism is provided by linear free-energy relationship studies, kinetic isotope effects, X-ray crystallography, and control experiments. We demonstrated the utility of the enantioenriched allylic phosphates in late-stage N–H allylations of natural products and drug molecules and in cross-coupling reactions that occurred with excellent enantiospecificity.