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Although the leather industry uses a residue from the meat industry, during the process of transforming the hide into leather, some harmful substances are used thatcan can put the health and the environment at risk. Zeolite tanning agents derived from natural minerals offer a promising alternative for leather production. In this study, the authors aimed to optimize the tanning process using a zeolite tanning agent to improve the quality and performance of zeolite-tanned leathers. The study focused on several specific objectives. Firstly, the solubility variation of zeolite was tested at different concentrations and pH gradients. Secondly, the particle size of zeolite was compared to that of conventional alkaline chromium sulfate. Thirdly, the dosage and number of additions of zeolite were optimized. Fourth, the final pH range was studied to determine the best tanning effect. Fifth, the addition of acidic phenol or sulfone was tested to determine their effect on zeolite tanning. Sixth, different alkalizing agents were tested to compare the effects of the auto-alkalizing agents MgO and sodium bicarbonate. Seventh, masking agents were added to study their effect on zeolite tanning. Finally, zeolite tanning agents and chrome tanning agents were used together in combination tanning and the effects of different addition sequences were evaluated. Overall, the study aimed to provide insights into the optimal conditions and factors for zeolite tanning with the aim of producing high quality, sustainable and non-toxic leathers. Although the study has some limitations, such as the use of specific types of leather and laboratory conditions, the results are promising for the future development of sustainable and non-toxic tanning agents for the leather industry. |
