Strong nonlinear instability and growth of Sobolev norms near quasiperiodic finite gap tori for the 2D cubic NLS equation

Abstract

We consider the defocusing cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) on the two-dimensional torus. The equation admits a special family of elliptic invariant quasiperiodic tori called finite gap solutions. These are inherited from the integrable 1D model (cubic NLS on the circle) by considering solutions that depend only on one variable. We study the long-time stability of such invariant tori for the 2D NLS model and show that, under certain assumptions and over sufficiently long time scales, they exhibit a strong form of transverse instability in Sobolev spaces Hs.T2/ (0 < s < 1). More precisely, we construct solutions of the 2D cubic NLS that start arbitrarily close to such invariant tori in the Hs topology and whose Hs norm can grow by any given factor. This work is partly motivated by the problem of infinite energy cascade for 2D NLS, and seems to be the first instance where (unstable) long-time nonlinear dynamics near (linearly stable) quasiperiodic tori is studied and constructed. © 2023 European Mathematical Society Publishing House. All rights reserved.