Altres ajuts: The authors thank Dr. Arjun Yodh, Dr. John A. Detre, Dr. Janos Lückl, and Rosa Maria Miralda for their useful discussions. They acknowledge the support from Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa (RETICS-INVICTUS RD012/0014 and RETICS-INVICTUS PLUS RD16/0019/0010), the "Severo Ochoa" Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (SEV-2015-0522), the Obra Social "la Caixa" Foundation (LlumMedBcn) LASERLAB-EUROPE IV (EU-H2020 654148), "Fundació La Marató TV3" (201709.31), Marie Curie initial training network (OILTEBIA 317526), Societat Catalana de Pneumologia (SOCAP), and Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR).

In a pilot study on acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients, unexpected periodic fluctuations in microvascular cerebral blood flow (CBF) had been observed. Motivated by the relative lack of information about the impact of the emergence of breathing disorders in association with stroke on cerebral hemodynamics, we hypothesized that these fluctuations are due to apneic and hypopneic events. A total of 28 patients were screened within the first week after stroke with a pulse oximeter. Five (18%) showed fluctuations of arterial blood oxygen saturation (=3%) and were included in the study. Near-infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) was utilized bilaterally to measure the frontal lobe CBF alongside respiratory polygraphy. Biphasic CBF fluctuations were observed with a bilateral increase of 27.1% 17.7% and 29.0% 17.4% for the ipsilesional and contralesional hemispheres, respectively, and a decrease of -19.3% 9.1% and -21.0% 8.9% for the ipsilesional and contralesional hemispheres, respectively. The polygraph revealed that, in general, the fluctuations were associated with apneic and hypopneic events. This study motivates us to investigate whether the impact of altered respiratory patterns on cerebral hemodynamics can be detrimental in AIS patients.