Reducing the availability of food to control feral pigeons: changes in population size and composition

Abstract

BACKGROUND: As feeding by humans is one of the main food resources to pigeons (Columba livia), there is general agreement that public education that aims to reduce the food base may be the most feasible way to reduce pigeon abundance. However, except for the classic example of Basel, the method has rarely been tested or implemented. We provide results from a 1 year study in the city of Barcelona wherewe tested the effect of public education on pigeon population abundance and composition. RESULTS: The quantity of food provided by people to pigeons was significantly reduced during the study. Feral pigeon density was reduced by 40% in the two experimental districts, but no variation was detected in the control district. Detailed analyses in one of the districts showed that the reductionwasmainly related to the reduction in food availability but not to culling. Pigeons captured at the end of the experiment were larger than at the start of the study, but body condition was reduced. CONCLUSION: Results show the effectiveness of public information tomanage feral pigeon populations in a large city, and that control operations can exert important selection pressure on the population, leading to changes in population composition.