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Title:	Development of a common scale for measuring healthy ageing across the world: results from the ATHLOS consortium
Author:	Sanchez‐Niubo, Albert; Garcia Forero, Carlos; Wu, Yu-Tzu; Giné-Vázquez, Iago; Prina, Matthew; De La Fuente, Javier; Daskalopoulou, Christina; Critselis, Elena; De La Torre-Luque, Alejandro; Panagiotakos, Demosthenes; Arndt, Holger; Ayuso-Mateos, José Luis; Bayes-Marin, Ivet; Bickenbach, Jerome; Bobak, Martin; Félix Caballero, Francisco; Chatterji, Somnath; Egea-Cortés, Laia; García-Esquinas, Esther; Leonardi, Matilde; Koskinen, Seppo; Koupil, Ilona; Mellor-Marsa, Blanca; Olaya, Beatriz; Pajak, Andrzej; Prince, Martin; Raggi, Alberto; Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando; Sanderson, Warren; Scherbov, Sergei; Tamosiunas, Abdonas; Tobias-Adamczyk, Beata; Tyrovolas, Stefanos; Haro, Josep Maria; ATHLOS Consortium
Notes:	Background: Research efforts to measure the concept of healthy ageing have been diverse and limited to specific populations. This diversity limits the potential to compare healthy ageing across countries and/or populations. In this study, we developed a novel measurement scale of healthy ageing using worldwide cohorts. Methods: In the Ageing Trajectories of Health-Longitudinal Opportunities and Synergies (ATHLOS) project, data from 16 international cohorts were harmonized. Using ATHLOS data, an item response theory (IRT) model was used to develop a scale with 41 items related to health and functioning. Measurement heterogeneity due to intra-dataset specificities was detected, applying differential item functioning via a logistic regression framework. The model accounted for specificities in model parameters by introducing cohort-specific parameters that rescaled scores to the main scale, using an equating procedure. Final scores were estimated for all individuals and converted to T-scores with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Results: A common scale was created for 343 915 individuals above 18 years of age from 16 studies. The scale showed solid evidence of concurrent validity regarding various sociodemographic, life and health factors, and convergent validity with healthy life expectancy (r = 0.81) and gross domestic product (r = 0.58). Survival curves showed that the scale could also be predictive of mortality. Conclusions: The ATHLOS scale, due to its reliability and global representativeness, has the potential to contribute to worldwide research on healthy ageing.
Subject(s):	-Envelliment saludable -Capacitat funcional -Capacitat intrínseca -Teoria de resposta a ítems -Integració de dades -Activitats d’envelliment de la vida diària -Envelliment -Aging -Envejecimiento saludable -Capacidad funcional -Capacidad intrínseca -Teoría de respuesta a ítems -Integración de datos -Actividades de envejecimiento de la vida diaria -Envejecimiento -Healthy aging -Functional capacity -Intrinsic capacity -Item response theory -Data integration -Aging activities of daily living -61
Rights:	© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Document type:	Article Article - Published version
Published by:	Oxford University Press
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