Longitudinal Assessment of Transfusion Intensity in Patients With JAK Inhibitor-Naive or -Experienced Myelofibrosis Treated With Momelotinib

Abstract

Anemia; Myeloproliferative neoplasm; Red blood cell transfusion

Anemia; Neoplasia mieloproliferativa; Transfusión de glóbulos rojos

Anèmia; Neoplàsia mieloproliferativa; Transfusió de glòbuls vermells

Purpose Anemia is a cardinal feature of myelofibrosis often managed with red blood cell (RBC) transfusions, which may contribute to negative prognostic, quality-of-life, and healthcare-related economic impacts. The Janus kinase (JAK) 1/JAK2/activin A receptor type 1 inhibitor momelotinib was approved for the treatment of patients with myelofibrosis and anemia based on clinical trial evidence of anemia, spleen, and symptom benefits illustrated using binomial response/nonresponse endpoints. In the present post hoc, descriptive analyses, the impact of momelotinib on RBC transfusion burden over time was further characterized across JAK inhibitor–naive and –experienced patients. Methods All RBC units transfused were collected during the baseline and 24-week treatment periods, initially in a single-arm phase 2 study as proof-of-concept analysis, and then versus comparators (ruxolitinib, best available therapy [BAT], and danazol) in the phase 3 SIMPLIFY-1, SIMPLIFY-2, and MOMENTUM studies, respectively. Results In the phase 2 study, mean transfusion requirement changed by −1.5 units/28 days, with 85% of patients (35/41) achieving numeric transfusion reduction. Across SIMPLIFY-1, SIMPLIFY-2, and MOMENTUM, mean transfusion requirements decreased with momelotinib (−0.1, −0.36, and −0.86 units/28 days), while mean requirements with ruxolitinib, BAT, and danazol changed by +0.39, 0, and ‒0.28 units/28 days, respectively. Overall, 87% (185/213), 77% (79/103), and 85% (110/130) of patients had improved or stable transfusion intensities with momelotinib versus 54% (117/216), 62% (32/52), and 63% (41/65) with ruxolitinib, BAT, and danazol. Conclusion These novel time-dependent transfusion burden analyses demonstrate that momelotinib is associated with anemia-related benefits in most patients and greater transfusion burden reduction versus comparators. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT02515630, NCT01969838, NCT02101268, NCT04173494.