Sistema de Salut de Catalunya
Institut Català de la Salut
[López-Sánchez I] Real World Epidemiology Research Group, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol I Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain. Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain. [Perramon-Malavez A, Prats C] Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC-BarcelonaTech), Barcelona, Spain. [Soriano-Arandes A] Unitat de Patologia Infecciosa i Immunodeficiències de Pediatria, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. Grup de Recerca d’Infecció i Immunitat al Pacient, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. [Duarte-Salles T] Real World Epidemiology Research Group, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol I Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain. Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Raventós B] Real World Epidemiology Research Group, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol I Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain. Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus
2025-01-22T13:09:02Z
2025-01-22T13:09:02Z
2024-11-19
COVID-19; Children; Socioeconomic deprivation
COVID-19; Niños; Privación socioeconómica
COVID-19; Nens; Privació socioeconòmica
Introduction: This study aims to investigate the relationship between deprivation, as measured by a socioeconomic deprivation index (SDI) score for census tract urban areas, and COVID-19 infections and vaccine uptake among children and adolescents before and after the vaccination rollout in Catalonia, Spain. Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study using primary care records. Individuals were followed 3 months before the start of the vaccination campaign in Spain and 3 months after. Children (5–11 years) and adolescents (12–15 years) with at least 1 year of prior history observation available and without missing deprivation data. For each outcome, we estimated cumulative incidence and crude Cox proportional-hazard models by SDI quintiles, and hazard ratios (HRs) of COVID-19 infection and vaccine uptake relative to the least deprived quintile, Q1. Results: Before COVID-19 vaccination rollout, 290,625 children and 179,685 adolescents were analyzed. Increased HR of deprivation was associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 infection in both children [Q5: 1.55 (95% CI, 1.47–1.63)] and adolescents [Q5: 1.36 (95% CI, 1.29–1.43)]. After the rollout, this pattern changed among children, with lower risk of infection in more deprived areas [Q5: 0.62 (95% CI, 0.61–0.64)]. Vaccine uptake was higher among adolescents than children, but in both age groups, non-vaccination was more common among those living in more deprived areas (39.3% and 74.6% in Q1 vs. 26.5% and 66.9% in Q5 among children and adolescents, respectively). Conclusions: Children and adolescents living in deprived areas were at higher risk of COVID-19 non-vaccination. Socioeconomic disparities in COVID-19 infection were also evident before vaccine rollout, with a higher infection risk in deprived areas across age groups. Our findings suggest that changes in the association between deprivation and infections among children after the vaccine rollout were likely due to testing disparities.
Article
Published version
English
COVID-19 (Malaltia) - Vacunació; Adolescents; Assistència sanitària; Estatus social; DISEASES::Virus Diseases::RNA Virus Infections::Nidovirales Infections::Coronaviridae Infections::Coronavirus Infections; Other subheadings::Other subheadings::Other subheadings::/prevention & control; PUBLIC HEALTH::Health Care (Public Health)::Health Promotion::Health Inequality Monitoring::Equity Stratifiers::Health Care (Public Health)::Socioeconomic Factors; ANALYTICAL, DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES, AND EQUIPMENT::Therapeutics::Biological Therapy::Immunomodulation::Immunotherapy::Immunization::Immunotherapy, Active::Vaccination; NAMED GROUPS::Persons::Age Groups::Adolescent; ENFERMEDADES::virosis::infecciones por virus ARN::infecciones por Nidovirales::infecciones por Coronaviridae::infecciones por Coronavirus; Otros calificadores::Otros calificadores::Otros calificadores::/prevención & control; SALUD PÚBLICA::atención a la salud (salud pública)::promoción de la salud::monitorización de las desigualdades en salud::estratificadores de equidad::atención a la salud (salud pública)::factores socioeconómicos; TÉCNICAS Y EQUIPOS ANALÍTICOS, DIAGNÓSTICOS Y TERAPÉUTICOS::terapéutica::terapia biológica::inmunomodulación::inmunoterapia::inmunización::inmunoterapia activa::vacunación; DENOMINACIONES DE GRUPOS::personas::Grupos de Edad::adolescente
Frontiers Media
Frontiers in Pediatrics;12
https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2024.1466884
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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