Health inequalities in childhood diseases: temporal trends in the inter‑crisis period

Abstract

Desigualtats en salut; Tendències; Nen

Desigualdades en salud; Tendencias; Niño

Health inequalities; Trends; Child

Background Since 2008, children in Catalonia (Spain) have suffered a period of great economic deprivation. This situation has generated broad‑ranging health inequalities in a variety of diseases. It is not known how these inequalities have changed over time. The aim of the present study is to determine trends in inequalities over this period in ten relevant diseases in children according to sex and age. Methods A retrospective cross‑sectional population‑based study of all children under 15 years old resident in Catalonia during the 2014–2021 period (over 1.2 million children/year) and of their diagnoses registered by the Catalan Health System. Health inequalities were estimated by calculating the relative index of inequality and time trends using logistic regression models. Interaction terms were added to test for the effects of sex on time trends. Results Increasing significant temporal trends in inequalities were shown for both sexes in almost all the diseases or adverse events studied (asthma, injuries, poisoning, congenital anomalies, overweight and obesity), in mood disorders in boys, and in adverse birth outcomes in girls. Adjustment and anxiety and mood disorders in girls showed a decreasing temporal trend in inequalities. More than half of the diseases and adverse events studied experienced significant annual increases in inequality. Poisoning stood out with an average annual increase of 8.65% [4.30, 13.00], p ≤ 0.001 in boys and 8.64% [5.76, 11.52], p ≤ 0.001) in girls, followed by obesity with increases of 5.52% [4.15, 6.90], p = < 0.001 in boys and 4.89% [4.26, 5.51], p ≤ 0.001) in girls. Conclusions Our results suggest that inequalities persist and have increased since 2014. Policy makers should turn their attention to how interventions to reduce Health inequalities are designed, and who benefits from them.

This work was partially supported by the NC PhD research grant Industrial Doctorates Plan of the Catalan Government from the Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca. The funder of the study had no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation or manuscript writing.