L’electrocardiograma en la professió infermera: aspectes didàctics per a la seva interpretació. Revisió bibliogràfica

Abstract

Introduction: The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a complementary diagnostic test that records the electrical activity of the heart and is essential for identifying and diagnosing life-threatening cardiac conditions. Despite its clinical relevance, several studies have highlighted significant deficiencies in nurses’ training and competence in ECG interpretation. Within this context, the nursing perspective underscores the urgent need for more effective educational strategies to support a comprehensive clinical approach to cardiovascular pathologies and to optimise patient care. Objectives: To assess nurses' competence in the interpretation and clinical application of ECGs. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted using a structured search in the PubMed, CINAHL, Omnia, and Cochrane databases. Articles published between 2020 and 2025 were selected, based on specific MESH descriptors and defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The review of 12 studies reveals insufficient knowledge among nurses regarding ECG interpretation, particularly in recognising complex arrhythmias and critical clinical situations. These shortcomings are associated with inadequate training, a lack of practice-based learning opportunities, insufficient supervision, and outdated or ineffective educational resources. However, ongoing professional development, digital tools, and active learning methodologies, such as BOPPPS-CBL, the CRISP model, gamification, and hybrid learning, have been shown to improve diagnostic accuracy and enhance professional confidence. Furthermore, the sequencing of educational content, from anatomical foundations to real-life clinical decision-making, is confirmed as a critical pedagogical need. Conclusions: ECG interpretation constitutes a key competence in nursing practice and necessitates a structured, sequential, and clinically oriented educational approach. The integration of innovative and digital teaching methodologies facilitates the acquisition of both theoretical and practical knowledge, thereby reinforcing sound diagnostic decision-making. This approach fosters the development of autonomous and solution-oriented nurses, directly contributing to improved care quality and patient safety

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