Efectes de la pràctica esportiva durant l’embaràs: riscos i beneficis. Revisió bibliogràfica

Abstract

Background: Pregnancy is a stage of profound change in a woman's life, both physically and emotionally. Despite extensive scientific evidence supporting the safety and benefits of physical exercise during pregnancy, many women still demonstrate a lack of knowledge, uncertainty, and doubts regarding its appropriateness. This study analyses the relationship between physical activity and pregnancy, highlighting its risks and benefits, as well as the key role of nurses in health education. Aims: To analyse the benefits of physical exercise on the health of pregnant women, as well as the potential risks associated with inadequate or excessive practice. To describe the types of physical exercise recommended according to the different stages of pregnancy. To identify the barriers and difficulties to maintaining regular physical activity during pregnancy. To explore the role of nurses in health education and personalized support for pregnant women regarding the safe practice of physical exercise. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted using the databases PubMed, CINAHL, Science Direct, and Scielo between March and April 2025. Results: After conducting the literature search, a total of 13 studies were selected. The analysed studies show that regular physical activity during pregnancy is safe and offers multiple benefits for both maternal health (weight control, prevention of gestational diabetes and hypertension, improvement of emotional well-being) and neonatal health (reduction of macrosomia and delivery complications). Identified barriers include lack of information, misconceptions, and social obstacles. The need for personalized guidance and a proactive role of nursing staff is evident. Conclusions: Physical activity during pregnancy is highly recommended and safe in the absence of medical contraindications. Promoting appropriate exercise, adapted to each stage of pregnancy and to the individual characteristics of the woman, contributes to improved quality of life, a more positive pregnancy experience, and better obstetric outcomes. Nursing plays a key role in education, counselling, and ongoing support for pregnant women

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