Efectividad de un programa de actividad física en montaña para el control glucémico y prevención del pie diabético. Proyecto de investigación

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the metabolic pathologies with the greatest increase in incidence in the 21st century, frequently associated with a sedentary lifestyle, an unbalanced diet, and overweight. It accounts for more than 95% of diagnosed cases. Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including regular physical activity, is recognized as essential for its prevention and treatment. In this context, there has been growing interest in exercise in natural environments such as the mountains, given its physical and psychological benefits. However, this practice presents challenges for people with diabetes due to the limited scientific evidence on glycemic control and injury prevention in this setting. Objective: The primary objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a mountaineering physical activity program on glycemic control and foot self-care in sedentary individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It also aims to analyze participants' perceptions of safety and self-confidence in managing their diabetes in mountain environments, as well as to explore possible gender differences in outcomes. Methodology: A quasi-experimental study with a longitudinal approach will be conducted. The sample will be selected through consecutive non-probability sampling among people with type 2 DM treated by the Ripoll Health Center. Data collection will include a blood draw to measure HbA1c levels and an adapted 55- item questionnaire assessing individual characteristics, exercise habits, self-care knowledge, and mountain physical activity. The intervention will consist of a 12- session program—six theoretical and six practical—aimed at training participants to practice mountaineering safely and appropriately for their condition. Five months after completing the program, a second blood draw will be performed to measure HbA1c levels, and the initial questionnaire will be repeated to assess changes in glucose levels, self-care, and mountain physical activity

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