A Roadmap for the Restoration of Mediterranean Macroalgal Forests

Abstract

Canopy-forming macroalgae play a crucial role in coastal primary production and nutrient cycling, providing food, shelter, nurseries, and habitat for many vertebrate and invertebrate species. However, macroalgal forests are in decline in various places and natural recovery is almost impossible when populations become locally extinct. Hence, active restoration emerges as the most promising strategy to rebuild disappeared forests. In this regard, significant efforts have been made by several EU institutions to research new restoration tools for shallow and mesophotic reef habitats (e.g., MERCES EU project, AFRIMED, and ROCPOP-life) and effective techniques have subsequently been proposed to promote self-sustaining populations. Recent research indicates that macroalgal forest recovery requires a broad spectrum of measures, ranging from mitigating human impacts to restoring the most degraded populations and habitats, and that the viability of large restoration actions is compromised by ongoing human pressures (e.g., pollution, overgrazing, and climate change). We propose a roadmap for Mediterranean macroalgal restoration to assist researchers and stakeholders in decision-making, considering the most effective methods in terms of cost and cost-effectiveness, and taking background environmental conditions and potential threats into account. Last, the challenges currently faced by the restoration of rocky coastal ecosystems under changing climate conditions are also discussed

This work was supported by the CSIC Library will cover 25% of the APC. AFRIMED. European Maritime and Fisheries Fund EMFF (Grant/Award No. EASME/EMFF/2017/1.2.1.12/S4/01/SI2.789059), MERCES, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (Grant/Award No. 689518), FoRestA, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Grant/Award No. PID2020-112985GB-I00), Generalitat de Catalunya (Grant/Award No. 2017 SGR 1521), Universitat de Girona, Ph.D. Grant to JV (Award No. IFUdG-2016), and the Fundación tatiana Pérez de Guzman el Bueno Ph.D. Grant to CG