Turbulence as a framework for brain dynamics in health and disease

Abstract

Turbulence is a universal principle for fast energy and information transfer. Moving beyond the turbulence of fluid dynamics, turbulence has recently been demonstrated in brain dynamics. Importantly, turbulence can be expressed as the rich variability across spacetime of the local levels of synchronisation of coupled brain signals. In fact, the optimal mixing properties of turbulence is what allows for efficient transfer of energy/information over space and time in the brain. This is especially important for survival given the need to overcome the inherent slowness in neural dynamics. Here, we review the research showing that the turbulence offers a convenient framework for describing brain dynamics and that the scale-free nature of turbulence, reflected in power-laws, provides the necessary mechanisms for time-critical information transfer in the brain. Whole-brain modelling of turbulence as coupled-oscillators has been shown to provide precise signatures of many different brain states. The levels of turbulence change in disease, and careful research of the vortex space could potentially help discover new avenues for a better understanding of this breakdown and offer better control of these highly non-linear, non-equilibrium states. Overall, the framework of the turbulent brain is a highly fertile, fast developing field with great potential.

G.D. is supported by Grant PID2022-136216NB-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by "ERDF A way of making Europe", ERDF, EU, Project NEurological MEchanismS of Injury, and Sleep-like cellular dynamics (NEMESIS) (ref. 101071900) funded by the EU ERC Synergy Horizon Europe, and AGAUR research support grant (ref. 2021 SGR 00917) funded by the Department of Research and Universities of the Generalitat of Catalunya. Y.S.P. is supported by was supported by European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant 896354 and the project NEurological MEchanismS of Injury, and Sleep-like cellular dynamics (NEMESIS) (ref. 101071900) funded by the EU ERC Synergy Horizon Europe. M.L.K. is supported by the Centre for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing (funded by the Pettit and Carlsberg Foundations) and Center for Music in the Brain (funded by the Danish National Research Foundation, DNRF117).