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Título:	Life cycle and hydrologic modeling of rainwater harvesting in urban neighborhoods: implications of urban form and water demand patterns in the US and Spain
Autor/a:	Petit Boix, Anna; Devkota, Jay; Phillips, Robert; Vargas Parra, María Violeta; Josa Garcia-Tornel, Alejandro; Gabarrell, Xavier; Rieradevall Pons, Joan; Apul, Defne S
Otros autores:	Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Civil i Ambiental; Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. MECMAT - Mecànica de Materials
Abstract:	Water management plays a major role in any city, but applying alternative strategies might be more or less feasible depending on the urban form and water demand. This paper aims to compare the environmental performance of implementing rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems in American and European cities. To do so, two neighborhoods with a water-stressed Mediterranean climate were selected in contrasting cities, i.e., Calafell (Catalonia, Spain) and Ukiah (California, US). Calafell is a high-density, tourist city, whereas Ukiah is a typical sprawled area. We studied the life cycle impacts of RWH in urban contexts by using runoff modeling before (i.e. business as usual) and after the implementation of this system. In general, cisterns were able to supply > 75% of the rainwater demand for laundry and toilet flushing. The exception were multi-story buildings with roofs smaller than 200 m2, where the catchment area was insufficient to meet demand. The implementation of RWH was environmentally beneficial with respect to the business-as-usual scenario, especially because of reduced runoff treatment needs. Along with soil features, roof area and water demand were major parameters that affected this reduction. RWH systems are more attractive in Calafell, which had 60% lower impacts than in Ukiah. Therefore, high-density areas can potentially benefit more from RWH than sprawled cities.
Abstract:	Peer Reviewed
Materia(s):	-Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Enginyeria ambiental::Tractament de l'aigua -Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Geologia::Hidrologia -Urban runoff -Water harvesting -Circular economy -Cities -Hydrology -Life cycle assessment -Rainwater harvesting -Aigua de pluja -- Reutilització -Escolament urbà
Derechos:	Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/
Tipo de documento:	Artículo - Versión presentada Artículo
Editor:	Elsevier
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