Abstract:
|
Background Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become
a very useful tool to study in vivo different ocular structures
and to improve differential diagnosis and management of
many ocular pathologies. This study aims to identify pterygium
alterations that trigger characteristic OCT images, and
analyze if this pattern correctly demarcates lesion boundary.
Methods Thirty-two patients, 22 men, and ten women, aged
between 26 and 56 (mean age 40.5±6.9) with symptomatic
primary pterygium were recruited. After excision, lesion images
were obtained by high-definition OCT. Specimens were
stained with hematoxylin–eosin (H&E), antivimentin for all
mesenchymal origin cells and altered limbal basal cells, CD45
for lymphocyte and macrophage cells, CD1a for Langerhans
cells, and S100 for melanocyte and Langerhans cells.
Results The typical OCT wedge-shape hyperreflective mass
was evident only by vimentin antibody and included, mainly,
fibroblasts but also immune cells (verified by CD45) in a rich
network of collagen fibers. The mass apex, often extended
centripetally as a thin subepithelial line, hyperreflective by
OCT, was formed by a row of fibroblasts under an apparently
intact Bowman’s layer, as vimentin samples revealed.
Hyperreflective epithelium overlying the mass showed a great
number of vimentin-positive infiltrated cells such as melanocytes,
Langerhans cells, and lymphocytes (identified by the
other biomarkers). H&E staining revealed the presence of
goblet cells. Nevertheless, only vimentin staining revealed
the presence of altered basal cells above partially dissolved
or apparently intact Bowman’s layer, coinciding in this last
case with the fibroblast subepithelial line. In most of the cases
(72 %), the altered cells occupied a basal segment shorter than
the fibroblast subepithelial line but in some specimens, these
cells exceeded the fibroblast line length.
Conclusions This study demonstrated the great visual accordance
between pterygium OCT images and vimentin staining.
Alteration in collagen arrangement, infiltration of inflammatory
cells, and fibroblast subepithelial line in the lesion apex
were the main histological changes responsible for the anomalous
hyperreflectivity of the OCT pattern. By contrast, altered
basal cells located in the basal epithelial layer of the
pterygium head could not be detected by OCT, which might
generate lesion size underestimation. |