The central role of the dopamine system on reward brain processing is now quite well delimited. Its influence on other brain areas for learning and decision-making is still a matter of intense research. Most of this is based on fMRI imaging methods, which excel in terms of spatial resolution for source localization but lack the ability to trace the time-course of the signals. Incipient efforts have been made to address this issue from the point of view of EEG-measured brain oscillation theories. We review recent advances in this area and propose a broad framework for EEG-based reward processing analysis.