Doble titulació

Tissue Engineering (TE) is an interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and life sciences toward the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve tissue function [1]. Three strategies have been adopted for the creation of new tissues [2]: -Isolated cells or cell substitutes. This approach avoids the complication of surgery, allows replacement of only those cells that supply the needed function, and permits manipulation of cells before infusion. Its potential limitations include failure of the infused cells to maintain their function in the recipient, and immunological rejection [2]. -Tissue-inducting substances. The success of this approach depends on the purification and large-scale production of appropriate signal molecule, such as growth factors, and, in many cases, the development of methods to deliver these molecules to their target [2]. -Cell placed on or within matrices. In closed systems, the cells are isolated from the body by cellular membrane that allows permeation of nutrients and waste products but prevents large entities such as antibodies or immune cells from destroying the transplant. These systems can be implanted or used as extra corporeal devices. The principle of TE is to culture cells into a matrix and incorporate it into the body. The matrices are made of natural materials such as collagen or from synthetic polymers. Immunological rejection may be prevented by immunosuppressive drugs [2].