https://hdl.handle.net/2072/453077 2026-04-03T18:03:23Z https://hdl.handle.net/10256/28354 Carbon dioxide fluxes increase from day to night across European streams Attermeyer, Katrin; Casas Ruiz, Joan Pere; Fuss, Thomas; Pastor, Ada; Cauvy-Fraunié, Sophie; Sheath, Danny; Nydahl, Anna C.; Doretto, Alberto; Portela, Ana Paula; Doyle, Brian C.; Simov, Nikolay; Roberts, Catherine Gutmann; Niedrist, Georg H.; Timoner Amer, Xisca; Evtimova, Vesela; Barral Fraga, Laura; Bašić, Tea; Audet, Joachim; Deininger, Anne; Busst, Georgina; Fenoglio, Stefano; Catalán, Núria; Eyto, Elvira de; Pilotto, Francesca; Mor Roy, Jordi-René; Monteiro, Juliana; Fletcher, David H.; Noss, Christian; Colls Lozano, Miriam; Nagler, Magdalena; Liu, Liu; Romero González-Quijano, Clara; Romero Blanch, Ferran; Pansch, Nina; Ledesma, José L. J.; Pegg, Josephine; Klaus, Marcus; Freixa Casals, Anna; Herrero Ortega, Sonia; Mendoza-Lera, Clara; Bednařík, Adam; Fonvielle, Jérémy A.; Gilbert, Peter J.; Kenderov, Lyubomir A.; Rulík, Martin; Bodmer, Pascal Globally, inland waters emit over 2 Pg of carbon per year as carbon dioxide, of which the majority originates from streams and rivers. Despite the global significance of fluvial carbon dioxide emissions, little is known about their diel dynamics. Here we present a large-scale assessment of day- and night-time carbon dioxide fluxes at the water-air interface across 34 European streams. We directly measured fluxes four times between October 2016 and July 2017 using drifting chambers. Median fluxes are 1.4 and 2.1 mmol m−2 h−1 at midday and midnight, respectively, with night fluxes exceeding those during the day by 39%. We attribute diel carbon dioxide flux variability mainly to changes in the water partial pressure of carbon dioxide. However, no consistent drivers could be identified across sites. Our findings highlight widespread day-night changes in fluvial carbon dioxide fluxes and suggest that the time of day greatly influences measured carbon dioxide fluxes across European streams; We thank the initiators of the first Collaborative European Freshwater Science Project for Young Researchers, the European Federation of Freshwater Sciences (EFFS) board, the European Fresh and Young Researchers (EFYR) and the representatives of the Fresh Blood for Fresh Water (FBFW) meetings. We also thank the seven national freshwater societies financing this project, namely the Iberian Association of Limnology (AIL; Spain and Portugal), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Limnologie e.V. (DGL; Germany), Swiss Society for Hydrology and Limnology (SGHL; Switzerland), Italian Association of Oceanography and Limnology (Italy), Freshwater Biological Association (FBA; United Kingdom), French Limnological Association (AFL; France), Austrian Limnological Society (SIL-Austria), as well as the Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries for additional funds. Additional funding was awarded to J.P.C.-R. by a Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral grant from the Spanish Government (FJC2018-037791-I), to A.P.P. by a Ph.D. grant from the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (SFRH/BD/115030/2016), to B.C.D. by the Marine Institute’s Cullen Ph.D. fellowship (Grant No. CF/15/05), to N.C. by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement (No. 839709), to J.M. by FCT (Portuguese Science Foundation) through a Ph.D. grant (SFRH/BD/131924/2017), to J.P. by the DSI/NRF Research Chair in Inland Fisheries and Freshwater Ecology, to A.F. by the Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral grant from the Spanish Government (FJCI-2017–33171), and to C.M.-L. by the French National Agency for Water and Aquatic Environments (ONEMA, Action 13, “Colmatage, échanges nappe-rivière et processus biogéochimiques”). Open access funding provided by University of Vienna; 13 2021-06-10T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10256/28181 Biological processes modelling for MBR systems: A review of the state-of-the-art focusing on SMP and EPS Mannina, Giorgio; Ni, Bing Jie; Makinia, Jacek; Harmand, Jérôme; Alliet, Marion; Brepols, Christoph; Ruano, María Victoria; Robles, Ángel; Héran, Marc; Gulhan, Hazal; Rodríguez-Roda Layret, Ignasi; Comas Matas, Joaquim A mathematical correlation between biomass kinetic and membrane fouling can improve the understanding and spread of Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) technology, especially in solving the membrane fouling issues. On this behalf, this paper, produced by the International Water Association (IWA) Task Group on Membrane modelling and control, reviews the current state-of-the-art regarding the modelling of kinetic processes of biomass, focusing on modelling production and utilization of soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The key findings of this work show that the new conceptual approaches focus on the role of different bacterial groups in the formation and degradation of SMP/EPS. Even though several studies have been published regarding SMP modelling, there still needs to be more information due to the highly complicated SMP nature to facilitate the accurate modelling of membrane fouling. The EPS group has seldom been addressed in the literature, probably due to the knowledge deficiency concerning the triggers for production and degradation pathways in MBR systems, which require further efforts. Finally, the successful model applications showed that proper estimation of SMP and EPS by modelling approaches could optimise membrane fouling, which can influence the MBR energy consumption, operating costs, and greenhouse gas emissions; 6 2023-08-15T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10256/28180 Modeling MBR fouling: A critical review analysis towards establishing a framework for good modeling practices Sandoval Garcia, Valeria; Ruano, María Victoria; Alliet, Marion; Brepols, Christoph; Comas Matas, Joaquim; Harmand, Jérôme; Héran, Marc; Mannina, Giorgio; Rodríguez-Roda Layret, Ignasi; Smets, Ilse; Robles, Ángel This study critically analyses filtration process modeling in membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology. More specifically, the variety of approaches and assumptions considered within a curated selection of resistance-in-series (RIS) filtration models found in the literature is critically assessed. Aimed to move towards good filtration process modeling practices, the basis for establishing a unified framework rooted in the fundamentals of membrane fouling is defined in this work, considering fouling classifications, process dynamics, and underlying processes used by different authors for elucidating membrane fouling phenomena. Systematically analyzing these factors should be considered as a basic step for efficiently comparing the performance of different models. This involves a detailed examination of the processes applied within each model and their interplay with the involved resistances and fouling types. A lack of homogeneity in RIS-based filtration modeling has been observed. To address this, basic guidelines towards good modeling practices are proposed aimed at balancing model accuracy and complexity. Specifically, seven model processes, six resistances, and three subgroups for types of fouling, further divided into four or five categories are proposed to guide the selection of processes and state variables in the model structure. Hence, this study facilitates the understanding of different approaches to be used during the modeling exercise of membrane filtration processes within the MBR field, not only to enhance the comprehensibility of available filtration models, but also to help the comparison, implementation, and adaptation of available models and the comprehensive development of new ones; This study is part of the activity of the Task Group on Membrane Bioreactor Modeling and Control of the International Water Association (http://www.iwa-network.org/groups/membrane-bioreactor-modelling-and-control), as well as the PRIMA project EADANMBRT (Evaluation and development of anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) technology to promote unrestricted wastewater reuse and mitigate compromised surface water quality in the Mediterranean region - Grant PCI2020-112218 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 jointly with PRIMA program and by the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR) and the predoctoral grant ACIF/2021/384 funded by Generalitat Valenciana and European Union; 6 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10256/28179 Integrated assessment of sulfate-based AOPs for pharmaceutical active compound removal from wastewater Sbardella, Luca; Velo-Gala, Inmaculada; Comas Matas, Joaquim; Morera Carbonell, Sadurní; Rodríguez-Roda Layret, Ignasi; Gernjak, Wolfgang Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been proposed as tertiary treatments for municipal WWTP effluents. UV-activated peroxydisulfate (PDS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) are viable technological alternatives for treating secondary WWTP effluent containing PhACs. This article examines the feasibility of applying UV/PDS and UV/PMS technologies at pilot scale, assessing their energy and cost requirements. In addition, life cycle assessment (LCA) impacts associated with the treatment of 1 m³ of wastewater with an effective average pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) removal of 80% has also been evaluated. Photolysis (UV) treatment alone was not capable of degrading PhACs to a sufficient extent in WWTP secondary effluent. The addition of 0.4 mmol of PDS or PMS, applying 416 mJ/cm2 of UV fluence, resulted in average removals of 84% and 85% for UV/PDS and UV/PMS, respectively. The electrical energy (kWh) required to degrade the mix of PhACs by one order of magnitude in 1 m³ of contaminated water was calculated as 0.9 kWh/m³/order and 0.8 kWh/m³/order 4 for UV/PDS and UV/PMS, respectively. However, the overall cost, including operation, materials and maintenance, of applying UV/PDS and UV/PMS, based on an average PhAC removal of 80%, was 0.088 €/m³ and 0.280 €/m³, respectively. From the sustainability assessment, the factors with the greatest environmental footprint for the UV/PDS process were chemical production (PDS: 52.9%, PMS: 85%) and electricity consumption (UV/PDS: 33.4%, UV/PMS: 11.2). Finally, the normalized environmental impact analysis showed that UV/PDS was associated with an environmental footprint three times lower than UV/PMS. The overall assessment revealed that UV/PDS is preferable to UV/PMS to remove PhACs in secondary effluents of municipal WWTPs having a lower economic and environmental impact; This work has been supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie - TreatRec ITN-EID project (grant number 642904) as well as from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, the State Agency of Investigation and EU FEDER program funding the following projects: CLEaN-TOUR (CTM 2017- 85385-C2-1-R) and INVEST (RTI 2018-097471-B-C21). WG, IRR and JC are also members of the Consolidated Research Group ICRA TECH - 2017 SGR 1318 funded by the Economy and Knowledge Department of the Catalan Government; 6 2020-07-01T00:00:00Z