Odontoestomatologia

New Middle Pleistocene hominin cranium from Gruta da Aroeira (Portugal).

2026-03-21T04:23:32Z

New Middle Pleistocene hominin cranium from Gruta da Aroeira (Portugal). Villaescusa, Lucía; Souto, Pedro; Mauricio Ferré, Joan; Rodrigues, Filipa; Ferreira, A.; Godinho, P.; Trinkaus, E.; Zilhão, Joao; Daura Luján, Joan; Sanz Borràs, Montserrat; Arsuaga, Juan Luis; Hoffmann, D.L.; Quam, Rolf M.; Ortega, María Cruz; Santos Ureta, Elena; Gómez, Sergio; Gómez Soler, Sandra; Rubio, Àngel The Middle Pleistocene is a crucial time period for studying human evolution in Europe, because it marks the appearance of both fossil hominins ancestral to the later Neandertals and the Acheulean technology. Nevertheless, European sites containing well-dated human remains associated with an Acheulean toolkit remain scarce. The earliest European hominin crania associated with Acheulean handaxes are at the sites of Arago, Atapuerca Sima de los Huesos (SH), and Swanscombe, dating to 400–500 ka (Marine Isotope Stage 11–12). The Atapuerca (SH) fossils and the Swanscombe cranium belong to the Neandertal clade, whereas the Arago hominins have been attributed to an incipient stage of Neandertal evolution, to Homo heidelbergensis, or to a subspecies of Homo erectus. A recently discovered cranium (Aroeira 3) from the Gruta da Aroeira (Almonda karst system, Portugal) dating to 390–436 ka provides important evidence on the earliest European Acheulean-bearing hominins. This cranium is represented by most of the right half of a calvarium (with the exception of the missing occipital bone) and a fragmentary right maxilla preserving part of the nasal floor and two fragmentary molars. The combination of traits in the Aroeira 3 cranium augments the previously documented diversity in the European Middle Pleistocene fossil record.

Immunological and tissue reactions to titanium particles generated by the mechanical decontamination of dental implants: In vitro and in vivo study

2026-03-18T20:39:11Z

Immunological and tissue reactions to titanium particles generated by the mechanical decontamination of dental implants: In vitro and in vivo study Gil, Javier; Fonseca, Dacio; Fernández-Domínguez, Manuel; Fernández-Domínguez, Pedro; Akagi-Camacho, Sayuri; Toledano Serrabona, Jorge; Vegas Bustamante, Erika; Camps Font, Octavi; Sánchez Garcés, Ma. Ángeles; Aragoneses, Juan Manuel Background: Mechanical decontamination of biofilm, or implantoplasty, is a commonly employed technique for managing peri-implantitis. However, the inflammatory response and in vivo behavior of titanium (Ti) particles released during this procedure remain underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic, inflammatory, and osteogenic effects of Ti particles released during implantoplasty, as well as their in vivo behavior Material and Methods: Titanium particles were generated by following a standardized protocol using drills on 150 commercially pure Ti implants. Cytotoxicity thresholds were determined using THP-1 macrophages and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). These cells were subsequently cultured with Ti particle-conditioned medium, and inflammatory responses were analyzed using RT-qPCR for markers such as CCR7, TNF-α, IL-1β (pro-inflammatory), and CD206, TGF-β, IL-10 (anti-inflammatory). Cytokine levels were quantified using ELISA. Osteogenic responses in BM-MSCs were assessed by analyzing Runx2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin (OC) expression, and ALP activity was measured colorimetrically. In vivo, Ti particles were introduced into mandibular defects in 20 Wistar rats, with histological analysis performed 20 days post-implantation Results: Ti particles elicited a pro-inflammatory response in macrophages, with increased expression of TNF-α and reduced expression of TGF-β and CD206. Cytokine analysis confirmed elevated IL-1β and reduced IL-10 levels. No significant changes in ALP activity were observed. Conclusions: Titanium particles released during implantoplasty induce pro-inflammatory responses.

Use of colorimetry as a diagnostic tool for early detection of peri-implant diseases

2026-03-14T00:40:12Z

Use of colorimetry as a diagnostic tool for early detection of peri-implant diseases Torné Duran, Sergi Introduction: The increasing aesthetic demand in dentistry and the limitations of visual colour assessment have encouraged the development of objective methods for evaluating dental and peri-implant tissues. Although colourimeters were originally designed for tooth shade matching, their application has recently expanded to periimplant soft-tissue analysis, providing quantitative and reproducible measurements capable of detecting early inflammatory changes. Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether colour analysis using a colourimeter is a valid diagnostic tool for the preliminary detection of peri-implant diseases by comparing colourimetric data with conventional clinical findings. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive, and experimental study was conducted on 63 dental implants. Peri-implant soft-tissue colour was recorded using a colourimeter based on CIELab parameters (L*, a*, b*). Each implant also underwent clinical evaluation including visual inspection, periodontal probing, and periapical radiography. Two measurement points were analysed: Point A, located 2 mm apical to the gingival margin, and Point B, positioned beyond the probing depth for each implant. Colourimetric values from both points were compared with the clinical diagnosis obtained for every implant. Results: At Point B, peri-implant tissues showed lower luminosity (L*), higher redness (a*), and reduced b* values compared with Point A. Clinically, 48 implants presented peri-implantitis, 9 mucositis, and 6 were considered healthy. Diseased implants demonstrated darker and more reddish peri-implant tissues, revealing a clear correlation between colour alterations and inflammatory status.

Cytocompatibility and Microbiological Effects of Ti6Al4V Particles Generated During Implantoplasty on Human Fibroblasts, Osteoblasts, and Multispecies Oral Biofilm

2026-03-13T17:33:07Z

Cytocompatibility and Microbiological Effects of Ti6Al4V Particles Generated During Implantoplasty on Human Fibroblasts, Osteoblasts, and Multispecies Oral Biofilm Vegas Bustamante, Erika; Toledano Serrabona, Jorge; Sánchez Garcés, Ma. Ángeles; Barbosa de Figueiredo, Rui Pedro; Demiquels, Elena; Gil, J.; Delgado, Luís María; Sanmartí Garcia, Gemma; Camps Font, Octavi Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of Ti6Al4V particles and implantoplasty (IP)-treated surfaces on human fibroblasts and osteoblasts, and to investigate the influence of these particles on multispecies oral biofilm formation. Methods: Ti6Al4V particles generated during implantoplasty were collected. Human fibroblasts (HFF-1) and osteoblast-like cells (SaOs-2) were used to assess cytotoxicity through indirect lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Multispecies biofilms composed of Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces viscosus, Veillonella parvula and Porphyromonas gingivalis were evaluated based on colony-forming units (CFUs) and metabolic activity. Fibroblasts and osteoblasts were co-cultured with biofilm-contaminated particles for 2, 4 and 6 h. Cell morphology and biofilm association were examined by phase-contrast microscopy, while metabolic activity was measured spectrophotometrically. Results: IP-treated surfaces showed no significant cytotoxicity (metabolic activity > 92%, LDH < 20%). Ti6Al4V particles selectively promoted A. viscosus and V. parvula growth (metabolic activity increases of ≈192% and ≈203%; CFU significantly higher versus controls, p < 0.05). Co-culture with biofilm-contaminated particles drastically reduced cell activity (fibroblasts < 25%, osteoblasts < 10%), whereas bacteria-free particles did not. Conclusions: Biofilm-contaminated particles released during implantoplasty markedly impair fibroblast and osteoblast cytocompatibility and selectively alter bacterial growth, whereas IP-treated surfaces per se are biocompatible. Minimizing particle dissemination and bacterial contamination during IP is therefore crucial.