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00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Harrison, Ben J. author Pujol Nuez, Jesús author Contreras Rodríguez, Oren author Soriano Mas, Carles author López-Solà, Marina author Deus Yela, Juan author Ortiz, Hector author Blanco Hinojo, Laura, 1981- author Alonso Ortega, María del Pino author Hernández Ribas, Rosa author Cardoner, N. (Narcís) author Menchón Magriñá, José Manuel author 2013-06-06T14:10:13Z 2013-06-06T14:10:13Z 2011 2013-06-06T14:10:13Z Activity decreases, or deactivations, of midline and parietal cortical brain regions are routinely observed in human functional neuroimaging studies that compare periods of task-based cognitive performance with passive states, such as rest. It is now widely held that such task-induced deactivations index a highly organized"default-mode network" (DMN): a large-scale brain system whose discovery has had broad implications in the study of human brain function and behavior. In this work, we show that common task-induced deactivations from rest also occur outside of the DMN as a function of increased task demand. Fifty healthy adult subjects performed two distinct functional magnetic resonance imaging tasks that were designed to reliably map deactivations from a resting baseline. As primary findings, increases in task demand consistently modulated the regional anatomy of DMN deactivation. At high levels of task demand, robust deactivation was observed in non-DMN regions, most notably, the posterior insular cortex. Deactivation of this region was directly implicated in a performance-based analysis of experienced task difficulty. Together, these findings suggest that task-induced deactivations from rest are not limited to the DMN and extend to brain regions typically associated with integrative sensory and interoceptive processes. Cognició Mapatge del cervell Assaigs clínics Cognition Brain mapping Clinical trials Task-induced deactivation from rest extends beyond the default mode brain network