2026-04-13T01:30:29Zhttps://recercat.cat/oai/request

oai:recercat.cat:2445/2280832026-04-07T18:59:27Zcom_2072_1057col_2072_478796col_2072_478917

urn:hdl:2445/228083 Efficiency of Orthodontic Adhesives: Influence of Saliva and Shear Direction - in vitro study Ignatova, Tatiana Xuriguera Martín, María Elena d'Oliveira, Nuno Gustavo Sánchez Molins, Meritxell Ortodòncia Adhesius dentals Saliva Orthodontics Dental adhesives Saliva This in vitro study evaluated the shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) of orthodontic molar tubes bonded using conventional, hydrophilic, and self-etch adhesives under dry and saliva-contaminated conditions, while also assessing the impact of shear force direction. Extracted molars were bonded with Transbond XT™ (T), Transbond MIP™ (M), or Scotchbond Universal™ (S) under dry or saliva-contaminated conditions. Debonding was performed at 90° or 45°, introducing a clinically relevant but underexplored variable in orthodontic bond-strength testing. ARI scores were assessed via stereomicroscopy and visual inspection. Statistical tests (Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney) showed no significant SBS differences among adhesives under identical conditions (p > 0.05). However, all adhesives exhibited significantly reduced SBS under saliva contamination (p < 0.001; T: 5.4 vs. 4.1 MPa; M: 5.7 vs. 3.6 MPa; S: 5.5 vs. 4.5 MPa). In dry conditions, SBS was significantly higher with 45° debonding (p < 0.05). Under contamination, SBS varied by ARI score (p = 0.05), with ARI 0 specimens showing higher SBS than ARI 3. These findings confirm that moisture reduces bond strength across adhesive types, while 45° force application enhances SBS under dry conditions. ARI score variability under contamination may reflect complex failure modes. 2026-03-13T16:03:00Z 2026-03-13T16:03:00Z 2026-02-11 2026-03-13T16:03:00Z info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Reproducció del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb17020089 Journal of Functional Biomaterials, 2026, vol. 17, num.2 https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb17020089 cc-by (c) Ignatova-Mishutina, Tatiana et al., 2026 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess MDPI Articles publicats en revistes (Ciència dels Materials i Química Física)