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On-line aptamer affinity solid-phase extraction capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for the analysis of protein biomarkers in biological fluids and food: A tutorial Vergara Barberan, Maria Pont Villanueva, Laura Salim, Hiba Giménez López, Estela Benavente Moreno, Fernando J. (Julián) Electroforesi capil·lar Espectrometria de masses Proteïnes Capillary electrophoresis Mass spectrometry Proteins The analysis by capillary electrophoresis (CE) of low abundant proteins in complex samples, such as biological fluids and food, is especially challenging, due to the poor concentration sensitivity of microscale separation tech- niques and the sample matrix complexity. In order to overcome these major drawbacks, microextraction sample preparation techniques based on on-line solid-phase extraction capillary electrophoresis (SPE-CE) are regarded as an excellent alternative for sample matrix clean-up and analyte preconcentration with minimum sample han- dling. In this study, we present, as a tutorial, a valve-free on-line aptamer affinity solid-phase extraction capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (AA-SPE-CE-MS) method for purification, preconcentration, separation, de- tection, and characterization of intact protein biomarkers in biological fluids and food using as cases of study ‑synuclein ( ‑syn), concanavalin A (Con A), and -lactoglobulin ( -LG), which are related to Parkinson’s dis- ease and food allergy, respectively. This tutorial is not limited to the description of the analytical method, but it also provides ready-to-use preparation procedures for sorbent and microextraction devices, and introduces strategies to overcome undesired effects, allowing a straightforward implementation and optimum performance of AA-SPE-CE-MS, as a platform to develop further applications. 2026-03-10T13:40:41Z 2026-03-10T13:40:41Z 2023-08-01 2026-03-10T13:40:42Z info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2772-5820 https://hdl.handle.net/2445/227976 738185 eng Reproducció del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sampre.2023.100082 Advances in Sample Preparation, 2023, vol. 7, p. 100082 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sampre.2023.100082 cc by-nc-dc (c) Vergara-Barberán, Maria et al., 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess 10 p. application/pdf Elsevier B.V. Articles publicats en revistes (Enginyeria Química i Química Analítica)