<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-04-13T01:51:31Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:www.recercat.cat:2445/185154" metadataPrefix="marc">https://recercat.cat/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:recercat.cat:2445/185154</identifier><datestamp>2025-12-05T01:42:16Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_2072_1057</setSpec><setSpec>col_2072_478917</setSpec></header><metadata><record xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/schema/MARC21slim.xsd">
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      <subfield code="a">Mousa, Andria</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Mayor Aparicio, Alfredo Gabriel</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Okell, Lucy C.</subfield>
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      <subfield code="c">2022-04-25T09:54:12Z</subfield>
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      <subfield code="c">2020</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Delay in receiving treatment for uncomplicated malaria (UM) is often&#xd;
 reported to increase the risk of developing severe malaria (SM),&#xd;
 but access to treatment remains low in most high-burden areas.&#xd;
 Understanding the contribution of treatment delay on progression&#xd;
                to severe disease is critical to determine how quickly patients&#xd;
                need to receive treatment and to quantify the impact of widely&#xd;
                implemented treatment interventions, such as 'test-and-treat'&#xd;
                policies administered by community health workers (CHWs). We&#xd;
                conducted a pooled individual-participant meta-analysis to&#xd;
                estimate the association between treatment delay and presenting&#xd;
                with SM. - Label: METHODS AND FINDINGS NlmCategory: RESULTS&#xd;
                content: "A search using Ovid MEDLINE and Embase was initially&#xd;
                conducted to identify studies on severe Plasmodium falciparum&#xd;
                malaria that included information on treatment delay, such as&#xd;
                fever duration (inception to 22nd September 2017). Studies&#xd;
                identified included 5 case-control and 8 other observational&#xd;
                clinical studies of SM and UM cases. Risk of bias was assessed&#xd;
                using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, and all studies were ranked as&#xd;
                'Good', scoring \xE2\x89\xA57/10. Individual-patient data (IPD)&#xd;
                were pooled from 13 studies of 3,989 (94.1% aged &lt;15 years)&#xd;
                SM patients and 5,780 (79.6% aged &lt;15 years) UM cases in&#xd;
                Benin, Malaysia, Mozambique, Tanzania, The Gambia, Uganda,&#xd;
                Yemen, and Zambia. Definitions of SM were standardised across&#xd;
                studies to compare treatment delay in patients with UM and&#xd;
                different SM phenotypes using age-adjusted mixed-effects&#xd;
                regression. The odds of any SM phenotype were significantly&#xd;
                higher in children with longer delays between initial symptoms&#xd;
                and arrival at the health facility (odds ratio [OR] = 1.33, 95%&#xd;
                CI: 1.07-1.64 for a delay of >24 hours versus \xE2\x89\xA424&#xd;
                hours; p = 0.009). Reported illness duration was a strong&#xd;
                predictor of presenting with severe malarial anaemia (SMA) in&#xd;
                children, with an OR of 2.79 (95% CI:1.92-4.06; p &lt; 0.001)&#xd;
                for a delay of 2-3 days and 5.46 (95% CI: 3.49-8.53; p &lt;&#xd;
                0.001) for a delay of >7 days, compared with receiving&#xd;
                treatment within 24 hours from symptom onset. We estimate that&#xd;
                42.8% of childhood SMA cases and 48.5% of adult SMA cases in the&#xd;
                study areas would have been averted if all individuals were able&#xd;
                to access treatment within the first day of symptom onset, if&#xd;
                the association is fully causal. In studies specifically&#xd;
                recording onset of nonsevere symptoms, long treatment delay was&#xd;
                moderately associated with other SM phenotypes (OR [95% CI]&#xd;
                >3 to \xE2\x89\xA44 days versus \xE2\x89\xA424 hours:&#xd;
                cerebral malaria [CM] = 2.42 [1.24-4.72], p = 0.01; respiratory&#xd;
                distress syndrome [RDS] = 4.09 [1.70-9.82], p = 0.002). In&#xd;
                addition to unmeasured confounding, which is commonly present in&#xd;
                observational studies, a key limitation is that many severe&#xd;
                cases and deaths occur outside healthcare facilities in endemic&#xd;
                countries, where the effect of delayed or no treatment is&#xd;
                difficult to quantify." - Label: CONCLUSIONS NlmCategory:&#xd;
                CONCLUSIONS content: Our results quantify the relationship&#xd;
                between rapid access to treatment and reduced risk of severe&#xd;
                disease, which was particularly strong for SMA. There was some&#xd;
                evidence to suggest that progression to other severe phenotypes&#xd;
                may also be prevented by prompt treatment, though the&#xd;
                association was not as strong, which may be explained by&#xd;
                potential selection bias, sample size issues, or a difference in&#xd;
                underlying pathology. These findings may help assess the impact&#xd;
                of interventions that improve access to treatment.</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">Malària</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">Assistència sanitària</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">Malaria</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">Medical care</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind2="0" ind1="0" tag="245">
      <subfield code="a">The impact of delayed treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum&#xd;
malaria on progression to severe malaria: A systematic review and a pooled multicentre individual-patient meta-analysis.</subfield>
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