<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-04-14T05:39:01Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:www.recercat.cat:2445/177050" metadataPrefix="marc">https://recercat.cat/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:recercat.cat:2445/177050</identifier><datestamp>2025-12-05T04:21:56Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_2072_1057</setSpec><setSpec>col_2072_478809</setSpec><setSpec>col_2072_478917</setSpec></header><metadata><record xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/schema/MARC21slim.xsd">
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      <subfield code="a">Calero, Jorge, 1963-</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Murillo Huertas, Inés P.</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Raymond Bara, José Luís</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">This study (i) compares the competence levels of the adult population in a set of OECD countries; (ii) assesses the comparative efficiency with which the education system in each country transforms schooling into competences, distinguishing by educational level, and (iii) tracks the evolution of this efficiency by birth cohorts. Using PIAAC data, the paper applies standard parametric frontier techniques under two alternative specifications. The results obtained identify Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Japan as being the most efficient and Spain, the United Kingdom, Italy, Ireland and Poland as the least efficient.</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Eficàcia de l'ensenyament</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Competències bàsiques en educació</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Estimació d'un paràmetre</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Mostreig (Estadística)</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Effective teaching</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Competency based education</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Efficiency in the transformation of schooling into competences: A cross-country analysis using PIAAC data</subfield>
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