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urn:hdl:2445/175124 Liver Glucokinase and Lipid Metabolism Vidal Alabró, Anna Méndez-Lucas, Andrés Semakova, Jana Gómez-Valadés, Alícia G. Perales Losa, Carlos Fetge Metabolisme dels lípids Liver Lipid metabolism Control of energy metabolism is crucial for optimal functioning of organs and tissues. Amongst all nutrients, glucose is the principal energy source for most cells and, therefore, minimum blood glucose levels must be guaranteed. Alterations in glycaemia can lead to hyperglycaemic states (producing protein glycosylation and toxicity in glucose-sensitive cells) or hypoglycaemic states (that can affect brain function), both harmful. Therefore, mechanisms must exist to keep glycaemia in a narrow physiological range (4-8 mM) independently of the nutritional state. To achieve control of blood glucose levels, our body has a complex, interorgan signaling system using nutrients (glucose, lipids, amino acids), hormones (insulin, glucagon, ghrelin, etc.) and the autonomic nervous system. In response to these signals, organs and tissues (mainly intestine, endocrine pancreas, liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, brain and adrenal glands) adapt their function to energetic requirements. The liver plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis by continuously adapting its metabolism to energetic needs. In the fed state, when blood glucose levels are high and there is insulin, liver takes-up part glucose to replenish glycogen stores. Besides, when glucose stores are full, the liver has the capacity to synthesize lipids de novo from glucose for-long term energy storage. Lipids are packaged in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles and then transported to the adipose tissue. Conversely during starvation, when glycaemia falls and glucagon increases, the liver produces glucose to maintain circulating glucose levels by breaking down glycogen stores or by synthesizing glucose de novo through gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis, as an energy-consuming pathway, is linked to 􀇃-oxidation of fatty acids (fuel supplier pathway)... 2021-03-17T09:32:08Z 2021-03-17T09:32:08Z 2012-02-03 info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Reprodució del document publicat a: http://doi.org/10.5772/29856 Chapter 12 in: Kelishadi, Roya. 2012. Dyslipidemia: From Prevention to Treatment. ISBN: 978-953-307-904-2. ISBN: 978-953-51-6759-4. pp: 236-262 http://doi.org/10.5772/29856 cc by (c) Vidal Alabró, Anna et al., 2012 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess IntechOpen Llibres / Capítols de llibre (Ciències Fisiològiques)