<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-04-17T08:01:58Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:www.recercat.cat:2445/119563" metadataPrefix="mets">https://recercat.cat/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:recercat.cat:2445/119563</identifier><datestamp>2025-12-05T10:11:27Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_2072_1057</setSpec><setSpec>col_2072_478856</setSpec><setSpec>col_2072_478917</setSpec></header><metadata><mets xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/METS/" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" ID="&#xa;&#x9;&#x9;&#x9;&#x9;DSpace_ITEM_2445-119563" TYPE="DSpace ITEM" PROFILE="DSpace METS SIP Profile 1.0" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/METS/ http://www.loc.gov/standards/mets/mets.xsd" OBJID="&#xa;&#x9;&#x9;&#x9;&#x9;hdl:2445/119563">
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                     <mods:roleTerm type="text">author</mods:roleTerm>
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                  <mods:namePart>Espuelas Barroso, Sergio</mods:namePart>
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                  <mods:dateIssued encoding="iso8601">2018-02-05T08:21:52Z2018-02-05T08:21:52Z2017-122018-02-05T08:21:53Z</mods:dateIssued>
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               <mods:abstract>Over the past century and a half, Spain has had a tumultuous political history. What impact has this had on social policy? Democracy has had a positive effect on both the levels of social spending and its long-term growth trend. With the arrival of democracy in 1931, the transition began from a traditional regime (with low levels of social spending) to a modern regime (with high levels of social spending). Franco's dictatorship, however, reversed this change in direction, retarding the positive growth in social spending. At the same time, the effect of left-wing parties was statistically significant only in the 1930s (prior to the Keynesian consensus) and in the period of the Bourbon Restoration (when the preferences of low-income groups were systematically ignored).</mods:abstract>
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               <mods:accessCondition type="useAndReproduction">(c)  Instituto Figuerola de Historia y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 2017 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</mods:accessCondition>
               <mods:subject>
                  <mods:topic>Estat del benestar</mods:topic>
               </mods:subject>
               <mods:subject>
                  <mods:topic>Dictadura</mods:topic>
               </mods:subject>
               <mods:subject>
                  <mods:topic>Democràcia</mods:topic>
               </mods:subject>
               <mods:subject>
                  <mods:topic>Política social</mods:topic>
               </mods:subject>
               <mods:subject>
                  <mods:topic>Welfare state</mods:topic>
               </mods:subject>
               <mods:subject>
                  <mods:topic>Dictatorship</mods:topic>
               </mods:subject>
               <mods:subject>
                  <mods:topic>Democracy</mods:topic>
               </mods:subject>
               <mods:subject>
                  <mods:topic>Social policy</mods:topic>
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               <mods:titleInfo>
                  <mods:title>Political Regime and Public Social Spending in Spain: A Time Series analysis (1850-2000)</mods:title>
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