<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-04-17T18:56:44Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:www.recercat.cat:2445/119349" metadataPrefix="marc">https://recercat.cat/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:recercat.cat:2445/119349</identifier><datestamp>2025-12-05T04:22:08Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_2072_1057</setSpec><setSpec>col_2072_478809</setSpec><setSpec>col_2072_478917</setSpec></header><metadata><record xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/schema/MARC21slim.xsd">
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      <subfield code="a">Foremny, Dirk</subfield>
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      <subfield code="c">2018-01-26T14:16:32Z</subfield>
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      <subfield code="c">2018-01-26T14:16:32Z</subfield>
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      <subfield code="c">2014-06</subfield>
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      <subfield code="c">2018-01-26T14:16:32Z</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">This paper empirically examines how fiscal rules and tax autonomy influence deficits of sub-national sectors across European countries. I use a new panel-data set to measure tax autonomy and the stringency of fiscal rules for EU15 regional and local government sectors over the period 1995 to 2008. I apply an instrumental variables approach to obtain an unbiased estimate of the impact of fiscal rules on deficits. I use political variables describing the central governments characteristics as instruments for fiscal rules at the sub-national level. The results show that the effectiveness of fiscal rules and tax autonomy depends on the constitutional structure. Fiscal rules decrease deficits only in unitary countries. Deficits of sub-national sectors in federations can be avoided through tax autonomy.</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Política fiscal</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Dèficit públic</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Deute tributari</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Països de la Unió Europea</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Fiscal policy</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Budget deficits</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Tax debt</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">European Union countries</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Sub-national deficits in European countries: The impact of fiscal rules and tax autonomy</subfield>
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