<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-04-17T21:19:05Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:www.recercat.cat:2117/88386" metadataPrefix="marc">https://recercat.cat/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:recercat.cat:2117/88386</identifier><datestamp>2026-02-02T10:05:23Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_2072_1033</setSpec><setSpec>col_2072_452950</setSpec></header><metadata><record xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/schema/MARC21slim.xsd">
   <leader>00925njm 22002777a 4500</leader>
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      <subfield code="a">dc</subfield>
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   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="720">
      <subfield code="a">Casals, Miguel</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="720">
      <subfield code="a">Gangolells Solanellas, Marta</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="720">
      <subfield code="a">Forcada Matheu, Núria</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
   </datafield>
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      <subfield code="a">Macarulla Martí, Marcel</subfield>
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   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="260">
      <subfield code="c">2016-07-01</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Lighting systems are usually one of the largest electrical end-uses in underground metro stations. Taking into account that budget restrictions in publicly owned companies hinder energy efficiency retrofit projects that require high initial investments, affordable energy saving strategies are needed. This paper presents a low-cost approach for reducing lighting electricity use in underground stations, without affecting passengers' comfort or the metro operator's service. For this purpose, an adaptive lighting strategy of dimming the illuminance levels of artificial light sources has been developed. Dimming controls are based on the occupancy of the station, and the preventive maintenance and cleaning cycles of the luminaires. The stations' monthly occupancy patterns are defined through the k-means clustering technique. To illustrate its effectiveness, the method was applied to 115 underground stations of the Barcelona metro network. The results revealed overall electricity savings of 255.47 MW h on a biannual basis, which represents 36.22% of the stations' baseline lighting consumption. Individual energy savings were found to range from 25 to 87.5 MW h/year in the stations of the Barcelona metro network, depending on the number and profile of station users. The research findings will undoubtedly be useful for the future energy efficiency project plans of worldwide metro operators and managers of other underground spaces.</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Peer Reviewed</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Postprint (author's final draft)</subfield>
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   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Energies::Eficiència energètica</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Infraestructures i modelització dels transports</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Subway stations</subfield>
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   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">Subways--Environmental aspects</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Energy efficiency</subfield>
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   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">Electric lighting</subfield>
   </datafield>
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      <subfield code="a">Lighting system</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">Dimming</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">Energy consumption</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Energy saving</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Underground station</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Metro network</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Life-cycle assesmen</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Occupancy adaption</subfield>
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   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">Emitting diode</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">System</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">Luminaires</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Management</subfield>
   </datafield>
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      <subfield code="a">Buildings</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Retrofits</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Patterns</subfield>
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   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">Metro -- Catalunya -- Barcelona</subfield>
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   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">Metro -- Estacions -- Enllumenat -- Consum d'energia</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Edificis -- Estalvi d'energia</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Enllumenat elèctric</subfield>
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   <datafield ind2="0" ind1="0" tag="245">
      <subfield code="a">Reducing lighting electricity use in underground metro stations</subfield>
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