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00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Giménez Ábalos, Víctor author Tormos Llorente, Adrián author Edström, Filip author Álvarez Napagao, Sergio author Vázquez Salceda, Javier author Brännström, Mattias author Lindqvist, John author 2025 Within the field of Autonomous Agents, the predominant paradigm is that agents perceive, reflect, reason, and act on an environment, employing some specific decision mechanism to pick actions. Nonetheless, the process that originates the decisions may differ depending on the agent, as this paradigm is agnostic about its concrete action selection inference. However, the need for being able to explain these decisions is constantly increasing, and the heterogeneity of the internal processes of agents has resulted in different ad hoc techniques for each architecture, for providing explanations with disparate validation mechanisms, hindering efforts at comparing mechanisms. To tackle this, in this contribution, we propose a unifying architecture framework based on causality, beliefs, and intentions. This framework allows for the examination of heterogeneous agents (from BDI and RL to LLM-based agents) without modification. This approach clearly decouples declarative and procedural knowledge, as well as designer-given versus learnt representations. It categorises what kind of questions can be answered by each agent reasoning component and allows a more seamless workflow for transferring knowledge between diverse agent architectures. This work has been partially supported by the HUMANE (Grant agreement ID: 952026) and V. Gimenez-Abalos’ fellowship within the “Generación D” initiative, Red.es, MTDFP, for talent atraction (C005/24-ED CV1). Funded by the European Union NextGenerationEU funds, through PRTR. Peer Reviewed Postprint (author's final draft) Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Informàtica::Intel·ligència artificial::Agents intel·ligents XAI Intentions Agent explainability Knowledge representation Knowledge transfer Cognitive architecture Telic explanations Explainable agency RL BDI Agentic AI Ladder of intentions: unifying agent architectures for explainability and transferability