2026-04-14T03:28:33Zhttps://recercat.cat/oai/requestoai:recercat.cat:2117/4598802026-03-31T12:20:24Zcom_2072_1033col_2072_452950
High-sensitivity microwave resonator sensor for aqueous glucose detection using field-concentrating elements
Ataa Allah, Fatima
Ataa-Allah, Houda
El mrabet, Otman
Aznabet, Mariem
Romeu Robert, Jordi
Jofre Roca, Lluís
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Teoria del Senyal i Comunicacions
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CommSensLab-UPC - Centre de Recerca en Comunicació i Detecció UPC
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Radiocomunicació i exploració electromagnètica::Circuits de microones, radiofreqüència i ones mil·limètriques
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria electrònica::Instrumentació i mesura::Sensors i actuadors
Debye model
Dielectric permittivity
Dielectric probe
Glucose sensing
Microwave resonator
Noninvasive sensing
Single split-ring resonator (SRR)
In this article, we present a highly sensitive microwave sensor for determining the concentration of aqueous glucose solutions in the microwave regime. The proposed sensor is based on a single split-ring resonator (SRR) printed on a Rogers RO3003 substrate and operates at 2.9 GHz. The sensitivity of this sensor is enhanced by using a narrow gap of approximately 100 µm, which increases the capacitance of the SRR and, more importantly, produces a localized field enhancement within the gap region. Moreover, the proposed design operates with only 2 µL of sample, a notable improvement over sensors that typically require larger liquid volumes. Both the simulation and measurement results showed a clear linear shift in the resonance frequency over a concentration range of 0–400 mg/dL, with the ability to detect minimal concentration variations as small as 50 mg/dL. These results confirm the effectiveness of the sensor for noninvasive glucose detection and represent a significant advancement in the field of microwave sensing.
This work was supported in part by the Generalitat de Catalunya and European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) under Grant PDR2014-2022/56-30157-2021-2A, Grant 2021 SGR 01415 Q0818003F, and Grant Metropolis PLEC2021-007609; in part by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Spain, under Grant CICYT PID2019-107885GB- C31, PID2022-136869NB-C31 MICIU / AEI / 10.13039 / 501100011033/ FEDER, UE, and Grant Prueba de Concepto PDC2022-133091-I00; and in part by the Next Generation EU. Additionally, this work is supported by the CNRST as part of the ”PhD-Associate Scholarship– PASS” Program.
Peer Reviewed
Postprint (author's final draft)
2026-03-15
Article
Ataa-Allah, F. [et al.]. High-sensitivity microwave resonator sensor for aqueous glucose detection using field-concentrating elements. «IEEE sensors journal», 15 Març 2026, vol. 26, núm. 6, p. 8259-8268.
1558-1748
https://hdl.handle.net/2117/459880
10.1109/JSEN.2026.3658569
eng
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11370318
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PLEC2021-007609/ES/Movilidad en la ciudad del futuro. Preparar a las ciudades para la nueva movilidad 2030 a través de las 4 universidades politécnicas españolas. METROPOLIS/
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2019-107885GB-C31/ES/SISTEMAS RADIANTES X-WAVE INTEGRADAS DE COMUNICACIONES Y SENSORIZACION/
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2022-136869NB-C31/ES/SISTEMAS DE ANTENAS PARA COMUNICACIONES INTEGRADAS/
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PDC2022-133091-I00/ES/MONITORIZACION DE LA ACTIVIDAD CELULAR MEDIANTE RF  /
Open Access
10 p.
application/pdf
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)