2026-04-19T19:17:56Zhttps://recercat.cat/oai/request

oai:recercat.cat:2117/4556262026-03-09T04:11:19Zcom_2072_1033col_2072_452950

Design and fabrication of a biocompatible antenna for wearable technologies Abounasr, Jamal El Gharbi, Mariam Fernández García, Raúl Gil Galí, Ignacio Flexible antenna design Wearable healthcare applications 2.4 ghz operation Coplanar waveguide structure Ground plane slots Impedance matching enhancement Bandwidth improvement Thermoplastic polyurethane substrate Semi-sintering silver ink Mechanically flexible antenna Peak gain performance Radiation efficiency Specific absorption rate analysis Human body proximity Safety compliance Wearable technology solutions This paper presents the design, simulation, fabrication, and measurement of a flexible antenna for wearable healthcare applications operating at 2.4 GHz. The antenna utilizes a coplanar waveguide (CPW) structure with strategically placed slots in the ground plane to enhance impedance matching and bandwidth performance. Printed on a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) substrate using a semi-sintering silver-based ink, the antenna maintains mechanical flexibility without compromising electrical performance. Simulations show a peak gain of 3.5 dBi and over 90% efficiency at 2.4 GHz. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) analysis, performed with the antenna placed millimeters away from the body, indicates SAR values of 0.2 W/kg for 1g of tissue and 0.11 W/kg for 10g, both well below international safety limits. The proposed design provides high radiation efficiency, mechanical adaptability, and safe operation, making it a promising solution for wearable technology applications. This work was financially supported in part by the Spanish Government-MICINN under Projects TED2021-131209B-I00, PID2021-124288OB-I00 and a part by AGAUR (FI Joan Oro)(2023 FI-1 00453). Peer Reviewed Postprint (published version) 2026-03-09T04:11:19Z 2026-03-09T04:11:19Z 2026-03-09T04:11:19Z 2025 Conference lecture https://hdl.handle.net/2117/455626 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10999289 Restricted access - publisher's policy Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)