2026-04-13T01:44:52Zhttps://recercat.cat/oai/request

oai:recercat.cat:2117/4436232025-10-16T10:11:12Zcom_2072_1033col_2072_452950

2025-10-16T10:11:12Z urn:hdl:2117/443623 Time-domain modeling of nonlinear microwave electroporation in biological cells Vico Bondia, Felipe Romeu Robert, Jordi Jofre Cruanyes, Marc Jofre Roca, Lluís Ferrando Bataller, Miguel Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Radiocomunicació i exploració electromagnètica Biological cells Electromagnetic response Microwave We present a numerical framework to simulate the nonlinear electromagnetic response of biological cells subjected to microwave excitation. Building on recent experimental studies that detect third-order intermodulation products from living cells, our model captures the electrodynamic behavior of membranes via time-dependent conductivity and permittivity changes associated with electroporation. The governing equations are formulated in the time domain, based on a fullwave Maxwell model for TE polarization, and discretized using a semi-implicit scheme coupled with a high-order fast direct solver. Validation against reference solutions in both damped and lossless configurations demonstrates high accuracy and numerical stability. We further illustrate the nonlinear current response of a single cell placed between parallel electrodes under time-varying voltage stimulation. The results highlight the potential of this computational approach to predict nonlinear microwave interactions in cellular environments and to complement experimental microfluidic platforms for future sensing and biomedical applications. This work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación under research project PID2022-136869NB-C33 and PDC2022-133091-I00 grants of the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Spain). This study was also supported by the Generalitat Valenciana through project MAOCOM-6G (Code: MFA/2022/056). Peer Reviewed Postprint (published version) 2025-10-16T10:11:12Z 2025-10-16T10:11:12Z 2025 Conference report http://hdl.handle.net/2117/443623 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PDC2022-133091-I00/ES/MONITORIZACION DE LA ACTIVIDAD CELULAR MEDIANTE RF  / Open Access Universitat Rovira i Virgili