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Power oscillation damping controllers for grid-forming power converters in modern power systems Mateu Barriendos, Elia Alican, Onur Renedo, Javier Collados Rodríguez, Carlos Martin, Macarena Nuño, Edgar Gomis Bellmunt, Oriol Prieto Araujo, Eduardo Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Doctorat en Enginyeria Electrònica Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Doctorat en Enginyeria Elèctrica Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Elèctrica Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CITCEA-UPC - Centre d'Innovació Tecnològica en Convertidors Estàtics i Accionaments Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria elèctrica Oscillators Damping Power system stability Frequency control Frequency conversion Frequency estimation Power systems Generators Voltage control Lead Grid-forming Power oscillation damping State-space models Small-signal analysis Inter-area oscillations Inter-area oscillations have been extensively studied in conventional power systems dominated by synchronous machines, as well as methods to mitigate them. Several publications have addressed Power Oscillation Damping (POD) controllers in Grid-Following voltage source converters (GFOL). However, the performance of POD controllers for Grid-Forming voltage source converters (GFOR) in modern power systems with increased penetration of power electronics requires further investigation. This paper investigates the performance of GFORs and supplementary POD controllers in the damping of electromechanical oscillations in modern power systems. This paper proposes POD controllers in GFORs by supplementary modulation of active- and reactive-power injections of the converter and both simultaneously (POD-P, POD-Q and POD-PQ, respectively). The proposed POD controllers use the frequency imposed by the GFOR as the input signal, which has a simple implementation and eliminates the need for additional measurements. Eigenvalue-sensitivity methods using a synthetic test system are applied to the design of POD controllers in GFORs, which is useful when limited information of the power system is available. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of POD controllers in GFOR converters to damp electromechanical oscillations, by small-signal stability analysis and non-linear time-domain simulations in a small test system and in a large-scale power system. Some of the results presented are part of the R&D project ref. K-ER53-IDGFC, which is a collaboration between CITCEA-UPC, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and Red Eléctrica – Redeia and was funded by Red Eléctrica – Redeia. The authors thank Sergio Martinez Villanueva (Red Eléctrica – Redeia) for useful comments during the project. Part of this work was supported by FEDER / Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación - Agencia Estatal de Investigación, under the project REFORMING (PID2021-127788OA-I00). The work of O. Gomis was supported by the ICREA Academia program. The work of E. Prieto was supported by Serra Húnter Program. Peer Reviewed Postprint (author's final draft) 2025-11 Article Mateu, È. [et al.]. Power oscillation damping controllers for grid-forming power converters in modern power systems. "IEEE transactions on power systems", Novembre 2025, vol. 40, núm. 6, p. 5130-5143. 1558-0679 https://hdl.handle.net/2117/432797 10.1109/TPWRS.2025.3562269 eng https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10976341 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2021-127788OA-I00/ES/ELIMINANDO BARRERAS TECNICAS EN REDES CON ALTA PENETRACION DE RENOVABLES Y ELECTRONICA DE POTENCIA MEDIANTE DISPOSITIVOS STATCOM Y ENLACES HVDC BASADOS EN GRID-FORMING/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access Attribution 4.0 International 14 p. application/pdf Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)