2026-04-17T06:19:40Zhttps://recercat.cat/oai/request

oai:recercat.cat:2117/4138662025-07-23T02:19:21Zcom_2072_1033col_2072_452951

00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Zeng, Philipp author 2024-07-12 Climate change efforts have led to a significant increase in the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), with Europe emerging as a global leader. Although being highly efficient, Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) as a central part of vehicles face challenges such as degradation over time. This study explores the reverse logistics (RL) process involved in managing End-of-Life (EoL) batteries, emphasizing the 3R pathways reusing, repurposing and recycling. Several challenges impede a smooth process, among them battery status parametre and the variety of existing cell chemistries battery design choices that impede disassembly. This research focuses on two primary challenges: Predicting returning battery volumes and assessing the impact of battery design on disassembly time. A state-of-the-art analysis of battery life cycle stages, estimated returning volumes, and disassembly methodologies is presented. Using registration numbers from the European market, a methodology for estimating returning battery volumes is established. Furthermore, disassembly case studies for both MTP and CTP design are presented. The study further validates module disassembly times from literature with a disassembly model created using ema Work Designer and assesses the economic and environmental implications of repurposing. Findings indicate a significant increase in returning EoL batteries, particularly from EVs and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), with volumes expected to reach 49 GWh by 2030. Disassembly times vary widely based on design choices, with Module-to-Pack (MTP) and Cell-to-Pack (CTP) strategies showing distinct impacts on circularity practices. The disassembly model created using ema Work Designer results in shorter disassembly times (5 min) than literature values. The study underscores the need for automated disassembly solutions and standardized design practices to enhance circularity practices for batteries. Additionally, economic and environmental benefits are assessed for the repurposing case summing up to 183.4 M€ and 239,120 – 415,540 t CO2-equivalent, reinforcing the importance of circular strategies in the battery lifecycle. Current EU policies, while supportive, require further refinements in standardizing battery designs to streamline disassembly processes. Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Energies::Recursos energètics renovables Environmental engineering--Business logistics Enginyeria ambiental--Logística (Indústria) Circularity analysis of batteries Estimations on returning battery volumes in Europe and analysis of EV battery design strategies on disassembly times and circularity practices