2026-04-13T13:32:13Zhttps://recercat.cat/oai/request
oai:recercat.cat:2117/3856252026-01-30T08:18:43Zcom_2072_1033col_2072_452950
RECERCAT author Cipriano Farias, Francisco author Duarte, Valdemar author Oliveira Felice, Igor author Cruz Payao Filho, Joao author Schell, N. author Maawad, Emad author Ávila Díaz, Julián Arnaldo author Li, J.Y. author Zhang, Y. author Santos, Telmo author Oliveira Pedro, Joao 2023-03 The typical as-built coarse and cube-oriented microstructure of Inconel® 625 parts fabricated via arc-based directed energy deposition (DED) induces anisotropic mechanical behavior, reducing the potential applications of arc-based DEDed Inconel® 625 in critical components. In this sense, the present work aimed to reduce the grain size and texture by applying an in situ interlayer hot forging (HF) combined with post-deposition heat treatments (PDHT). The produced samples were characterized through optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with electron backscatter diffraction, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, and Vickers microhardness. Also, a dedicated deformation tool was designed and optimized via a finite element method model considering the processing conditions and thermal cycle experienced by the material. It is shown that the in situ interlayer deformation induced a thermo-mechanical-affected zone (dynamic recrystallized + remaining deformation, with a height of ˜ 1.2 mm) at the bead top surface, which resulted in thinner aligned grains and lower texture index in relation to as-built DED counterpart. In addition, the effects of solution (1100 °C/ 1 h) and stabilization (980 °C/ 1 h) PDHTs on the Inconel® 625 HF-DEDed parts were also analyzed, which promoted fine and equiaxed static recrystallized grains without cube orientation, comparable to wrought material. Therefore, the HF-DED process significantly refined the typical coarse and highly oriented microstructure of Ni-based superalloys obtained by arc-based DED.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Open Access Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria dels materials Additive manufacturing Wire arc additive manufacturing Inconel Hybrid process Hot forging Heat treatment Equiaxed grains Fabricació additiva In situ interlayer hot forging arc-based directed energy deposition of Inconel® 625: process development and microstructure effects Article